Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins; – Proteins – i.e. – more than 100 amino acid residues – Scleroproteins – e.g. – fibroin – elastin – silk – etc.
Patent
1990-01-29
1991-04-16
Schain, Howard E.
Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;
Proteins, i.e., more than 100 amino acid residues
Scleroproteins, e.g., fibroin, elastin, silk, etc.
422189, 422269, 422273, 426455, 426456, A23J 110, C07K 310, C08H 106
Patent
active
050083759
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a method for the continuous hydrolizing of keratinaceous materials by heating under pressure for the duration of time it takes for the desired hydrolization to be achieved.
It is known to hydrolize keratinaceous materials, especially feathers, bristle, nails, horn, hooves and the like, so that the keratinaceous material is converted into nutritious and digestible products, particularly for the feeding of animals.
From U.S. Pat. No. 3,617,313, a hydrolyzing apparatus is known whereby feathers are impressed to form a pressure-tight plug which is continuously introduced into the inlet of the hydrolizing vessel, thus closing the inlet in a pressure-tight manner. Water and steam are introduced into the hydrolizing vessel itself, while the vessel wall is a steam jacket for the heating of the product mass during the process, which is effected under vigorous agitation by means of paddle elements which contribute both towards the fluidization of the product mass and its transport through the vessel. The apparatus is both mechanically complicated and very energy-demanding, the reason being that the product mass must first be compressed to form a pressure-tight plug, and thereafter comminuted and fluidized in large amounts of water during the hydrolization.
Another apparatus for the continuous hydrolizing of keratinaceous materials is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,884, whereby two vessels are used in the apparatus. In the first vessel, the material is heated and fluidized under such strong agitation that the material is comminuted. Hereafter, it is pumped by means of a special pressure-proof screw pump to a heated hydrolization reactor in which the hydrolizing takes place under suitable overpressure and temperature and under constant agitation, and from which the product mass is removed via a pressure-proof screw pump for further processing, especially the draining off of the very large amounts of water which are used to render the product capable of being pumped. This USA patent publication also provides a very detailed account of the chemical and biological aspects of the hydrolization, particularly with regard to the pressure and temperature conditions under which an optimum hydrolisis can be achieved. Therefore, this patent application does not touch upon these aspects in more detail, but refers to all that is known concerning these aspects from U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,884.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for the continuous hydrolyzing of keratinaceous materials whereby both the method and the apparatus are to a great extent simplified in relation to the prior art, so that a reduction is achieved in both the energy consumption and in the costs of the apparatus. Moreover, the necessity is avoided of having to add large amounts of water to the product mass, which must thereafter be removed from the hydrolized product.
This is achieved by following the method as characterized in claim 1, for example by the use of an apparatus as disclosed and characterized in claim 8. The heating of the material is effected by the direct injection of steam, which at one and the same time heats, moistens and agitates the product mass. It is thus not necessary to use a hydrolyzing vessel where the vessel wall constitutes heating surfaces with pressure chambers for the heating medium. Since the product mass must be heated to a temperature in the range from approx. 130.degree. C. to approx. 200.degree. C., the heat jacket on the known kinds of apparatus must be heated to higher temperatures. Therefore, it is a great advantage to be able to avoid such heating surfaces, especially when seen from an operational and cost point of view.
Furthermore, all forms of agitators, pressure-proof shaft bushing with stuffing boxes etc. are avoided, which further reduces the cost of the apparatus and the operation hereof.
The hydrolyzation process itself is effected under overpressure at a temperature above 100.degree. C. In fact, the higher the pressure and the temperature, the more rap
REFERENCES:
patent: 3617313 (1971-11-01), Harrington, Jr. et al.
patent: 4172073 (1979-10-01), Kadri et al.
patent: 4378311 (1983-03-01), Retrum
Fosbol Peder
Korremann Birgitte
Ullum Henrik
Atlas Industries A/S
Koh Choon P.
Schain Howard E.
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