Static information storage and retrieval – Read/write circuit – Having particular data buffer or latch
Reexamination Certificate
2004-01-20
2004-11-30
Nguyen, Tan T. (Department: 2818)
Static information storage and retrieval
Read/write circuit
Having particular data buffer or latch
C365S189110
Reexamination Certificate
active
06826092
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates, generally, to memory systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a regulated predriver for an output buffer, such as may be utilized for memory applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the efforts for optimizing power consumption in various high-speed microcontroller-based devices, such as portable personal computers (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs) and the like, significant attention has been given to the further improvement of battery life. One area where battery life has been increased is through the development of improved memory devices.
For example, most new microprocessor-based applications that are configured for high processing speed now implement synchronous, dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) devices that can operate at significantly higher clock speeds than conventional memory devices. SDRAM devices are synchronized with the clock speed in which the microprocessor is optimized, thus enabling the number of instructions that the microprocessor can perform at a given time to be increased. Testing has demonstrated that a 25% to 30% increase in battery life can result from increasing the quantity of SDRAM devices in a portable computer system. This result is due mainly to the reduction in use of the hard drive that tends to deplete the battery life.
In the manufacture of SDRAM devices, a further reduction in process geometries has been made in an attempt to manufacture more SDRAM devices per semiconductor wafer. This reduction in SDRAM process geometries has resulted in a further scaling down of internal operating voltages that may be used in output buffer devices. However, external power supply specifications have remained at higher levels for such output buffers.
For example, with reference to
FIGS. 1A and 1B
, an output buffer
100
as may be implemented within an SDRAM device comprises a control logic and pull-up predriver circuit
102
for controlling and driving a pull-up transistor and a control logic and pull-down predriver circuit
104
for controlling and driving a pull-down transistor. The pull-up transistor can comprise either a p-channel transistor M
P0
(
FIG. 1A
) or an n-channel transistor M
N0
(FIG.
1
B), while the pull-down transistor can comprise an n-channel transistor M
N2
. Pull-up transistors M
P0
and M
N0
and pull-down transistor M
N2
are further connected to a bondpad
106
. Control logic and predriver circuits
102
and
104
can be configured with an internally supplied voltage V
CCR
to drive the gates of pull-up transistors M
P0
and M
N0
and pull-down transistor M
N2
.
In older predriver schemes, the internally regulated voltage V
CCR
comprises approximately 2.5 volts. However, as a result of shrinking process geometries, a lower internally regulated voltage V
CCR
comprising approximately 1.8 volts can be required. At this lower level of internally regulated voltage V
CCR
, pull-down transistor M
N2
must be made large enough to meet the I/O current specifications for DC operation, e.g., a larger output pull-down transistor M
N2
is required to meet the external power supply specifications of 3.0 to 3.6 volts for SDRAM devices. In addition, pull-down transistor M
N2
must be configured to address the AC access and hold timing considerations. Further, since silicon area is at a premium under current manufacturing conditions, it is highly preferable to drive the gate of output pull-down transistor M
N1
with a significantly higher voltage supply.
With reference to
FIG. 2
, the current-voltage (IV) curves for the input/output current specifications for output pull-down transistor M
N1
for an output buffer
100
include a curve
202
representing the maximum driver sink current (IOL) specification and a curve
204
representing the minimum driver sink current (IOL) specification. IOL is a DC specification for the amount of current that output buffer
100
will sink when driving a low (0) signal on bondpad
106
, i.e., when a low signal voltage is forced at bondpad
106
while pull-down transistor M
N2
is turned on.
In order to meet the minimum IOL current specification, output pull-down transistor M
N2
is sized such that an IOL current characteristic
208
will exceed the minimum IOL current specification
204
under lowest input/output conditions, i.e., higher temperature, lower IDS process corner, and lower voltage V
CCQ
, while also being sized such that an IOL current characteristic
206
will not exceed the maximum IOL current specification
202
under highest input/output conditions, i.e., lower temperature, higher IDS process corner, higher voltage V
CCQ
. As is evident from
FIG. 2
, in the event the gate voltage of output pull-down transistor M
N2
is not limited, e.g., allowed to increase to 3.6 volts, the current/voltage characteristics of output pull-down transistor M
N2
approaches the maximum IOL current specification
202
, or even exceeds under worst case conditions.
Thus, in the newer, lower internally regulated voltage schemes, a larger output pull-down transistor M
N2
is required to meet AC and DC specifications, which comes at a cost of silicon area. Further, a significantly larger pull-down transistor M
N2
increases the difficulty in meeting the maximum output specifications for output buffer
100
. Moreover, if the voltage for driving the gate of output pull-down transistor M
N2
is level shifted upwards to the external voltage V
CCQ
of 3.6 volts, then output pull-down transistor M
N2
can be suitably overdriven to exceed maximum IOL current specification
202
.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a memory system includes an improved predriver circuit for an output buffer that can enable the output buffer to operate well within maximum and minimum IOL current specifications at lower internally regulated voltages. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the predriver circuit comprises one or more predriver devices and a regulated limiter circuit configured to limit or otherwise regulate the maximum gate voltage provided to the gate of an output pull-down element. As a result, the device size of the output pull-down element can be optimized to provide additional margin to exceed the minimum IOL specification, while also improving the margin under the maximum IOL specification.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the pull-down predriver circuit comprises one or more predriver elements, e.g., a p-channel pull-up transistor and an n-channel pull-down transistor, configured with the regulated limiter circuit; however, any predriver arrangement can be configured with the regulated limiter circuit. The regulated limiter circuit can be configured in various manners for limiting or otherwise regulating the maximum gate voltage provided to the gate of the pull-down element to less than the external power supply voltage, without reducing the gate voltage at the minimum voltage specification. For example, the regulated limiter circuit can comprise a single n-channel device, one or more diode-connected p-channel or n-channel transistor devices connected in series, or one or more series connected diode devices, configured to limit or otherwise regulate the gate voltage of the pull-down transistor device.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5602783 (1997-02-01), Ong
patent: 5805505 (1998-09-01), Zheng et al.
patent: 6330194 (2001-12-01), Thomann et al.
patent: 6707722 (2004-03-01), Ho et al.
Ho Duc
Howe Gary L.
Micro)n Technology, Inc.
Nguyen Tan T.
Snell & Wilmer L.L.P.
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