Gas: heating and illuminating – Processes – Fuel mixtures
Patent
1978-03-17
1979-01-30
Bashore, S. Leon
Gas: heating and illuminating
Processes
Fuel mixtures
48202, 48206, C10J 346, C10J 354
Patent
active
041370538
ABSTRACT:
A continuous process and apparatus are disclosed for the retorting or gasification of hydrocarbon-containing solids such as oil shale, coal, tar sands, etc., wherein the solids are retorted or gasified in a combined entrained and fluidized bed. A solid fluidized heat-transfer material flows downwardly through a conversion zone. Subdivided hydrocarbon-containing solids are introduced into a central portion of the conversion zone, with smaller particles of the solids being entrained and moving upwardly through the conversion zone countercurrent to the flow of the fluidized heat-transfer material, and larger particles of the solids being fluidized and moving downwardly through the conversion zone concurrent with the flow of the heat-transfer material. A fluidizing gas is injected into a lower portion of the conversion zone and a portion of the solids is combusted, providing the necessary heat for the conversion reactions. Substantially plug flow of the heat-transfer solid and the hydrocarbon-containing solids is maintained by including in the conversion zone means for impeding back mixing, such as a packing material filling the conversion zone.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2533026 (1950-12-01), Matheson
patent: 2557680 (1951-06-01), Odell
patent: 2701758 (1955-02-01), Danulat et al.
patent: 2868631 (1959-01-01), Woebcke
Mitchell David S.
Sageman David R.
Bashore S. Leon
Chevron Research Company
Davies R. H.
Evans R. H.
Kratz Peter F.
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