Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Imaging affecting physical property of radiation sensitive... – Radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-24
2001-05-22
Le, Hoa Van (Department: 1752)
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Imaging affecting physical property of radiation sensitive...
Radiation sensitive composition or product or process of making
C430S314000, C430S323000, C522S170000, C525S190000, C525S523000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06235448
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel photoresist monomers, polymers formed therefrom and photoresist compositions containing the same. More specifically, it relates to photoresist monomers, polymers and photoresist compositions suitable for photolithography processes employing a DUV (deep ultraviolet) light source, particularly, a ArF light source.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Recently, chemical amplification type DUV (deep ultra violet) photoresists have proven to be useful to achieve high sensitivity in processes for preparing micro-circuits in the manufacture of semiconductors. These photoresists are prepared by blending a photoacid generator with polymer matrix macromolecules having acid labile structures.
According to the reaction mechanism of such a photoresist, the photoacid generator generates acid when it is irradiated by the light source, and the main chain or branched chain of the polymer matrix in the exposed portion is reacted with the generated acid to be decomposed or cross-linked, so that the polarity of the polymer is considerably altered. This alteration of polarity results in a solubility difference in the developing solution between the exposed area and the unexposed area. For example, in the case of a positive photoresist, the main or branched chain of the polymer matrix is decomposed by acid in the exposed area and is removed by being dissolved in the developing solution. On the other hand, in the unexposed area, the original structure of the polymer is maintained without being dissolved in the developing solution. As a result, a positive image of a mask is formed on the substrate. In the case of a negative photoresist, the main or branched chain of the polymer matrix is cross-linked, so the exposed area is not dissolved in the developing solution. As a result, a negative image of a mask is formed on the substrate.
As explained above, a chemical amplification type photoresist must comprise a substantial amount of photoacid generator. However, the use of a photoacid generator has several drawbacks: (1) photoacid generators exhibit several problems such as storage stability, gas production, occurrence of “T-topping” of the pattern owing to acid diffusion, high post-baking temperature, and the like; (2) high integration of a semiconductor element is restricted because the E/L (energy latitude) margin of the photoresist pattern must be decreased due to acid diffusion; and (3) the generated acid may combine with amine compounds to contaminate the photoresist composition, thereby deforming the pattern or altering the line width.
Furthermore, since conventional negative photoresist compositions use an organic solvent, such as xylene, as the developing solution, swelling of photoresist film (the phenomenon that developing solution is soaked into the exposed area of the photoresist) occurs during the developing process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide novel photoresist monomers that can form polymers having a photosensitive epoxy group.
Another object of the present invention is to provide photoresist polymers prepared by using the novel monomers described above.
Still another object of the invention is to provide photoresist compositions containing the above polymers, which comprise no photoacid generator or a minimum amount thereof, but respond to extremely short wavelength light with high sensitivity.
In order to achieve these objects, the present invention provides a monomer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
wherein, R represents a C
1
-C
10
alkyl group, and m is the number 1 or 2.
In addition, the present invention provides novel photoresist polymers prepared from the compound of Chemical Formula 1. These photoresist have repeating units with a photosensitive epoxy group, as represented by the following Chemical Formula 1a:
wherein, R and m are as defined for Chemical Formula 1.
Preferred photoresist polymers of the present invention are represented by the following Chemical Formula 8:
wherein, R represents a C
1
-C
10
alkyl group; R′ represents H or —COOH; m is the number 1 or 2; n is a number from 1 to 3; X represents CH
2
, NH or O; and a, b, and c represent the number of repeating units of the respective monomers.
Further, the invention provides a photoresist composition comprising a polymer of Chemical Formula 8, a photoacid generator and a conventional organic solvent.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides compounds of Chemical Formula 1, which can be used as monomers for forming polymers used in a photoresist composition suitable for use with a light source of extremely short wavelength, and which easily form a cross-linked structure when exposed to light.
wherein, R represents a C
1
-C
10
alkyl group, and m is the number 1 or 2.
Compounds of Chemical Formula 1 can be used for preparing photoresist polymers having repeating units with a photosensitive epoxy group, as represented by the following Chemical Formula 1a:
wherein, R and m are as defined for Chemical Formula 1.
The polymers of the present invention are readily cross-linked through their epoxy groups upon irradiation by light of extremely short wavelength, in particular, ArF light (193 nm).
The exposed area, where cross-linking has been formed, is not dissolved in developing solution during the course of the follow-up developing process, and therefore a negative pattern is formed on the substrate.
Since a negative pattern generally has a more significant solubility difference in the developing solution between the exposed area and the unexposed area, as compared to a positive pattern, pattern collapse can be more effectively prevented.
The cross-linking polymers of the present invention may also be used to form a positive pattern through a silylation process in which the —OH group of the polymer reacts with a silylating agent to form a silicone oxide film in the unexposed areas. This film serves as a mask during dry etching of the exposed areas with O
2
plasma to obtain a positive pattern.
Synthesis of Novel Monomers
A compound of Chemical Formula 1 is prepared by a Diels-Alder reaction between a cycloalkene compound of Chemical Formula 2 and a compound of Chemical Formula 3 in benzene solvent.
wherein, m is the number 1 or 2.
wherein, R represents a C
1
-C
10
alkyl group.
Preparation of Novel Polymers
Photoresist copolymers of the present invention are synthesized by copolymerizing a compound of Chemical Formula 1 with other suitable monomers.
Preferable copolymers according to the present invention include the compounds represented by following Chemical Formula 8:
wherein, R represents a C
1
-C
10
alkyl group; R′ represents H or —COOH; m is the number 1 or 2; n is a number from 1 to 3; X represents CH
2
, NH or O; and the ratio a:b:c is preferably 1-20 mol %:50 mol %:30-49 mol %.
The molecular weight of the copolymers represented by Chemical Formula 8 is preferably is 4,000 to 10,000.
Preferable copolymers of Chemical Formula 8 comprise the compound of Chemical Formula 9 as a second monomer, which enhances the polymerization of the monomer of Chemical Formula 1. In order to enhance the binding force between the substrate and photoresist, a compound of Chemical Formula 10 may be employed as a third monomer in preferred copolymers of the present invention.
wherein, X represents CH
2
, NH or O.
wherein, R′ represents H or —COOH; and n is a number from 1 to 3.
In order to prepare the copolymer represented by Chemical Formula 8, the monomers of Chemical Formulas 1, 9 and 10 are dissolved in conventional organic solvent in the presence of a polymerization initiator to obtain the intermediate compound represented by following Chemical Formula 11:
wherein, R, R′, m, n, X, a, b and c are as defined for Chemical Formula 8.
As the organic solvent for the polymerization reaction, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene or xylene may be used. As the polymerization initiator, a conventional
Baik Ki Ho
Bok Cheol Kyu
Jung Jae Chang
Jung Min Ho
Lee Geun Su
Clarke Yvett M.
Hyundai Electronics Industries Co,. Ltd.
Le Hoa Van
Townsend and Townsend / and Crew LLP
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