Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving antigen-antibody binding – specific binding protein...
Patent
1994-09-01
1997-08-26
Hutzell, Paula K.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein...
422 57, 435962, 435968, 436518, 436161, 436172, 436177, 436825, 436901, G01N 33543, G01N 3374
Patent
active
056609957
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for the rapid detection of veterinary drug residues in fresh meet or livestock and to a test kit for use in such a method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The illegal use of certain veterinary drugs has resulted in the development of a flourishing illicit market in these drugs which in turn presents a potential hazard for the consumer of product from treated animals.
Steers are traditionally used in the beef industry rather than bulls. Steers are less efficient, they grow 10% slower and have more fat and poorer conformation than bulls. Thus, beef producers used anabolic agents to increase growth before they were banned. However, since the EC ban in 1987, there have been varying allegations of illegal use of prohibited production enhancers in beef cattle. The possibility that a significant portion of beef might have residues of illegal growth enhancers could threaten consumption of beef.
Mandatory testing by national authorities of fresh meat, in compliance with EC Directives, covers a range of veterinary medicines and banned substances.
The extent of monitoring in compliance with EC Directives and `on suspicion` is limited by the resources available to the authorities and thus will inevitably result in only a limited number of samples being monitored. In addition to this, the analytical methods used are laborious and costly. A further disadvantage of currently available commercial immunological assays is that they require at least one day for an end-point determination to be made. Thus the carcase being tested would have left the abattoir before the assay result is available.
An enzyme immunoassay screening for synthetic anabolic estrogens and androgens is known from Degand et al (Journal of Chromotography, 489 (1989) p235-234). The assay is an enzyme immunoassay involving either horseraddish peroxidase or Beta-lactamase, which is conducted on bovine urine to detect diethylstilbestrol, nortestosterone, methyltestosterone and trenbolane. High-performance liquid chromatography following immunoaffinity pre-treatment to determine nortestosterone levels in biological samples is known from Haasnoot (Journal of Chromotography, 489 (1989) p157-171).
The analytical test protocol of the present invention represents a new approach to surveillance of fresh meat for drug residues. The approach has been to apply rapid clinical diagnostic techniques to veterinary drug residue analysis. This has the potential to permit large numbers of samples to be processed rapidly and much more cheaply than is currently the case. This approach permits the monitoring of large numbers of animals as they pass through abattoirs and offers the possibility of "Carcase Quality Certification (CQC)" before the carcase is allowed to enter the food chain.
The invention provides a series of semi-automated tests for a range of veterinary drugs, such as `Angel Dust` (the Beta-Agonists-Clenbuterol, Salbutamol, Terbutaline etc), and for illegal hormonal growth promoters (Zeranol, Trenbolone, Stilbenes etc).
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide a rapid method of detection of veterinary drug residues in fresh meat or livestock, with results being preferably available in a matter of hours. It is also an object that the detection method be cheap, reliable and user friendly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the rapid detection of drug residues in livestock comprising taking a body sample from the livestock, reacting the sample in an immunometric assay with a labelled antibody which is capable of reacting with the drug to be tested and determining the amount of labelled antibody bound to the sample, the antibody being labelled with a chromogenic label or a chemiluminescent label.
Preferably the sample is bile fluid. The antibody may be an anti-clenbuterol antibody or an anti-zeranol antibody.
The bile sample may be "cleaned" prior to immunometric assay to produce a sample containing
REFERENCES:
patent: 4302534 (1981-11-01), Halmann et al.
patent: 5089423 (1992-02-01), Diamandis et al.
Haasnoot et al., 1992. "Immuno-affinity chromatography in combination with an enzyme immunoassay for the determination of clenbuterol in poultry tissue", in Food Safety and Quality Assurance: Applications of Immunoassay Systems, Proc., 1st (Morgan et al., eds.) Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK. pp. 185-188.
McConnell et al., 1992. "Trenbolone and 19-nortestosterone residue analysis by immunoaffinity chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay", in Food Safety and Quality Assurance: Applications of Immunoassay Systems, Proc., 1st (Morgan et al., eds.) Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK. pp. 245-250.
Berti et al., 1992. "Application of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of the anabolic agents zeranol and 19-nortestosterone", in Food Safety and Quality Assurance: Applications of Immunoassay Systems, Proc., 1st (Morgan et al., eds.) Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK. pp. 207-214. Abstract only in Chemical Abstracts 117:732. Abstract No. 110238a.
Rapid Determination of Clenbuterol Residues in Urine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with On-Line Automated Sample Processing Using Immunoaffinity Chromatography Hoosnaat et. al. (a) J. Chromatography 519 (1990) 323-335.
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Residue Screening for the .beta.-Agonists Clenbuterol, Solbutamol, and Cimaterol in Urine Using Enzyme Immunoassay . . . Meyer et al., J. Chromatography Biomedical Applications vol. 564 (1991) 551-556.
Determination of Clenbuterol in Bovine Tissue and Urine by Enzyme Immunoassay, Degand et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 40, 70-75 (1992).
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W. Haasnoot et al., (b) "Determination of B-19-Nortestosterone and its Metabolite a-19-Nortestosterone in Biological Samples at the Sub Parts Per Billion Level . . . ", J. Chromatography, Biomedical Applications, vol. 489, No. 1, Apr. 7, 1989, Amsterdam, NL, pp. 157-171.
G. Degand et al., "Enzyme Immunoassay Screening Procedure for the Synthetic Anabolic Estrogens and Androgens Diethylstilbestrol, Nortestosterone, Methyltestosterone and Trenbolone in Bovine Urine", J. Chromatography, Biomedical Applications, vol. 564, 1991, Amsterdam, NL, pp. 551-556.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 7, No. 42, (P-177) (1198) Feb. 10, 1983.
S.N. Dixon et al., "The Anabolic Agent Zeranol.IV. The Determination of Zeranol Concentrations in the Edible Tissues of Cattle Implanted With Zeranol", J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., vol. 9, No. 1, 1986, pp. 94-100.
Enfer Technology Ltd.
Grun James L.
Hutzell Paula K.
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