Tau-conotoxin peptides

Details Tau-conotoxin peptides Tau-conotoxin peptides

2000-02-04

2003-10-07

Carlson, Karen Cochrane (Department: 1653)

Chemistry: natural resins or derivatives; peptides or proteins;

Peptides of 3 to 100 amino acid residues

8 to 10 amino acid residues in defined sequence

C530S326000, C530S402000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06630573

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to relatively short peptides (termed &tgr;-conotoxins herein), about 10-20 residues in length, which are naturally available in minute amounts in the venom of the cone snails or analogous to the naturally available peptides, and which preferably include two disulfide bonds.
The publications and other materials used herein to illuminate the background of the invention, and in particular, cases to provide additional details respecting the practice, are incorporated by reference, and for convenience are referenced in the following text by author and date and are listed alphabetically by author in the appended bibliography.
The predatory cone snails (Conus) have developed a unique biological strategy. Their venom contains relatively small peptides that are targeted to various neuromuscular receptors and may be equivalent in their pharmacological diversity to the alkaloids of plants or secondary metabolites of microorganisms. Many of these peptides are among the smallest nucleic acid-encoded translation products having defined conformations, and as such, they are somewhat unusual. Peptides in this size range normally equilibrate among many conformations. Proteins having a fixed conformation are generally much larger.
The cone snails that produce these peptides are a large genus of venomous gastropods comprising approximately 500 species. All cone snail species are predators that inject venom to capture prey, and the spectrum of animals that the genus as a whole can envenomate is broad. A wide variety of hunting strategies are used, however, every Conus species uses fundamentally the same basic pattern of envenomation.
Several peptides isolated from Conus venoms have been characterized. These include the &agr;-, &mgr;- and &ohgr;-conotoxins which target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, muscle sodium channels, and neuronal calcium channels, respectively (Olivera et at., 1985). Conopressins, which are vasopressin analogs, have also been identified (Cruz et al. 1987). In addition, peptides named conantokins have been isolated from
Conus geographus
and
Conus tulipa
(Mena et al., 1990; Haack et al., 1990).
Chronic or intractable pain, which may result from degenerative conditions or debilitating diseases, is currently treated with a variety of analgesic compounds, often opioid compounds such as morphine. Likewise, neuropathic pain, typically a chronic condition attributable to injury or partial transection of a peripheral nerve, is also conventionally treated with opioid compounds such as morphine.
Conventional therapies for pain produce analgesia—a loss of sensitivity to pain without the loss of consciousness. Opioid compounds have been used widely to produce analgesia, including plant-derived opioids such as morphine, and endogenous opioids such as met- and leu-enkephalins, as well as beta-endorphin.
Opioid compounds, while effective in producing analgesia for many types of pain, may induce tolerance in some patients. When a patient becomes tolerant, increasing doses of the opioid are required to produce the desired analgesic effect. In addition, these compounds frequently result in a physical dependence in patients, and may have side effects at high doses.
The analgesic effects and adverse actions of various N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists has been shown to vary depending on the site of action and potency of the drug. For example, NMDA receptor antagonists acting at the ion channel in a noncompetitive manner (e.g., MK-801 and phenylcyclidine (PCP)) or competitive inhibitors, show analgesic activity but show motor impairment at equivalent doses. Glycine B-site NMDA antagonists appear to have analgesic activity at doses that do not impair motor function. Conantokins, which are polyamine-site NMDA antagonist compounds have analgesic effects at doses which do not produce overt side effects (PCT published application WO 98/03189).
It is desired to provide additional compounds which have analgesic properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to relatively short peptides (termed &tgr;-conotoxins herein), about 10-25 residues in length, which are naturally available in minute amounts in the venom of the cone snails or analogous to the naturally available peptides, and which preferably include two disulfide bonds.
More specifically, the present invention is directed to &tgr;-conotoxin peptides having the general formula I:
Xaa
1
-Xaa
2
-Xaa
3
-Xaa
4
-Cys-Cys-Xaa
5
-Xaa
6
-Xaa
7
-Xaa
8
-Xaa
9
-Cys-Cys-Xaa
10
-Xaa
11
-Xaa
12
-Xaa
13
-Xaa
14
-Xaa
15
-Xaa
16
-Xaa
17
-Xaa
18
-Xaa
19
(SEQ ID NO:1), wherein Xaa
1
is des-Xaa
1
, Asp, Glu or &ggr;-carboxy-Glu (Gla); Xaa
2
is des-Xaa
2
, Gln, Asn, Glu, Trp (D or L), neo-Trp, halo-Trp or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
3
is des-Xaa
3
, Gly, Ala, Asn or Gln; Xaa
4
is des-Xaa
4
, Val, Leu (D or L), Ile, Ala, Gly, Glu, Gla, Asp, Ser, Thr, Phe, Trp (D or L), neo-Trp, halo-Trp (D or L) or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
5
is Pro, hydroxy-Pro, Gln, Asn, Glu, Gla, Ala, Gly, Lys, Arg, Ile, Val, homoarginine, ornithine, N-methyl-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys or any unnatural basic amino acid; Xaa
6
is Val, Phe, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gla, Asp, Asn, Gln, Ala, Gly, Ile, Leu (D or L) Met, Pro, hydroxy-Pro, Arg, homoarginine, ornithine, Lys, N-methyl-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys, any unnatural basic amino acid or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
7
is any Val, Ile, Asn, Leu (D or L), Gln, Gly, Ala, Phe, Glu, Gla, Arg, ornithine, homoarginine, Lys, N-methy-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys, any unnatural basic amino acid or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
8
is Ile, Leu (D or L), Met, Thr, Ser, Pro, hydroxy-Pro, Gln, Asp, Glu, Gla, Asn, Arg, homoarginine, ornithine, Lys, N-methy-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys, Tyr, nor-Tyr, mono-halo-Tyr, di-halo-Tyr, O-sulpho-Tyr, O-phospho-Tyr, nitro-Tyr, any unnatural basic amino acid, any unnatural aromatic amino acid or any unnatural hydroxy containing amino acid; Xaa
1
is des-Xaa
9
, Ala, Gly, Asp, Glu, Gla, Trp (D or L) neo-Trp, halo-Trp (D or L), Lys, N-methy-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys, Arg, homoarginine, ornithine, Tyr, nor-Tyr, mono-halo-Tyr, di-halo-Tyr, O-sulpho-Tyr, O-phospho-Tyr, nitro-Tyr or any unnatural basic amino acid; Xaa
10
is des-Xaa
10
, Ile, Leu (D or L), Val, Glu, Gla, Asp, Thr, Ser, Pro, hydroxy-Pro, Trp (D or L), neo-Trp, halo-Trp (D or L), Phe, any unnatural aromatic amino acid or any unnatural hydroxy containing amino acid; Xaa
1
, is des-Xaa
11
, Gln, Asn, Leu (D or L), Ile, Val, Ala, Gly, Trp (D or L), neo-Trp, halo-Trp (D or L), Arg, homoarginine, ornithine, Lys, N-methy-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys, any unnatural basic amino acid or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
12
is des-Xaa
12
, Ala, Gly, Phe, Trp (D or L), neo-Trp, halo-Trp (D or L) or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
13
is des-Xaa
13
, Glu, Gla, Asp, Phe or any unnatural aromatic amino acid; Xaa
14
is des-Xaa
14
, Ile, Val or Leu (D or L); Xaa
15
is des-Xaa
15
, Thr, Ser, Arg, homoarginine, ornithine, Lys, N-methy-Lys, N,N-dimethyl-Lys, N,N,N-trimethyl-Lys or any unnatural basic amino acid; Xaa
16
is des-Xaa
16
, Glu, Gla or Asp; Xaa
17
is des-Xaa
17
, Asn or Gln; Xaa
18
is des-Xaa
18
, Asp, Glu or Gla; Xaa
19
is des-Xaa
19
, Phe or any unnatural aromatic amino acid. The C-terminus may contain a free carboxyl group or an amide group. The halo is preferably bromine, chlorine or iodine, more preferably iodine for Tyr and bromine for Trp. The Cys residues may be in D or L configuration and may optionally be substituted with homocysteine (D or L). The Tyr residues may be substituted with the 3-hydroxyl or 2-hydroxyl isomers and corresponding O-sulpho- and O-phospho-derivatives. The acidic amino acid residues may be substituted with any synthetic acidic amino acid, e.g., tetrazolyl derivatives of Gly and Ala.
The present invention is also directed to novel specific &tgr;-conotoxin peptides of general formula I having the formulas:
Phe-Cys-C

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