Electrical computers and digital processing systems: memory – Storage accessing and control – Memory configuring
Reexamination Certificate
2000-10-18
2004-11-16
Sparks, Donald (Department: 2187)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: memory
Storage accessing and control
Memory configuring
C711S005000, C711S114000, C711S117000, C711S120000, C711S124000, C711S167000, C707S793000, C714S006130, C714S770000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06820182
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field:
The present invention relates in general to data processing systems and in particular to data processing systems that support memory mirroring. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to systems for managing memory in data processing systems that support memory mirroring.
2. Description of the Related Art:
In the field of data processing systems, a design feature that can be employed in high-availability data processing systems is memory mirroring. Memory mirroring maintains a redundant copy of system memory. For example, if a system with two banks of random access memory (RAM) has memory mirroring, the first bank (e.g., Bank A) might be utilized as the primary bank, and the second bank (e.g., Bank B) might be utilized as a backup or mirror bank. The mirror bank serves as a repository for an extra copy of the data contained in the primary bank. In the event of errors in primary Bank A, the system avoids an interruption in service by utilizing mirror Bank B in lieu of primary Bank A. An error message may then be generated indicating that Bank A requires service.
A disadvantage associated with memory mirroring, however, is that less of the installed memory is available for general use. For example, in the above example, Bank A is available for general use, but Bank B is not. When all of the primary memory is mirrored onto mirror memory, the system is said to have full mirroring, in which case only half of the installed memory is available for general use. Alternatively, partial mirroring can be implemented. For example, a system with four banks of memory, (e.g., Banks A through D) may be configured to mirror Bank A onto Bank B but not to mirror Banks C and D. Partial mirroring provides for general use of a larger percentage of installed memory but less protection against memory errors.
Another design feature that can be employed to provide mirrored systems (as well as non-mirrored systems) with more apparent memory for general use is memory compression. A typical system with memory compression has a compression engine that utilizes the system's installed memory (i.e., physical memory) to support a larger amount of apparent memory (i.e., real memory). For example, if a system includes 32 MB of physical memory and a compression engine configured to provide a compression ratio of 2:1, the compression engine will report real memory of 64 MB. Consequently, if a system with 32 MB of installed memory has full mirroring and memory compression at a ratio of 2:1, the effects of the compression and mirroring offset each other. That is, the system will have a real memory size that equals its physical memory size.
A danger associated with memory compression, however, is that the configured compression ratio may not be obtainable for certain types of data. For example, if the data has already been compressed by software (e.g., if the data is a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) file), the compression engine may not be able to further compress the file enough to provide a 2:1 ratio. Furthermore, if the compression engine fails to achieve the desired compression ratio and substantially all of the real memory is needed, the system may be unable to provide the required amount of real memory. When a system lacks sufficient physical memory to support all of the required real memory, the system is said to have suffered a condition known as memory exhaustion. However, memory exhaustion may also occur in systems without compression, for example if the system simply has insufficient physical memory to perform required processing.
In conventional systems, exhausting physical memory is a critical system problem. That problem is typically signaled via an appropriately high priority event, such as a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) or a form of machine check. Consequently, in conventional systems, when memory compression and memory mirroring are used together, there will generally be a decreased risk of system failure due to memory errors but an increased risk of system failure due to memory exhaustion.
Consequently, what is needed is a way to reduce the risk of system failure due to memory exhaustion, especially in systems that utilize memory compression.
SUMMARY OF TEE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a memory exhaustion condition is handled in a data processing system having first and second regions of physical memory. In one particular method according to the present invention, a memory exhaustion condition is detected while the second region is mirroring at least part of the first region. In response to the memory exhaustion condition, memory mirroring is at least partially deactivated. The memory exhaustion condition is then eliminated by augmenting the first region with at least part of the second region.
In an illustrative embodiment, the data processing system compresses real memory into the first region of physical memory, and the memory exhaustion condition is detected when the first region lacks sufficient available capacity to accommodate current requirements for real memory. The memory exhaustion condition is eliminated by compressing at least part of the real memory into the second region.
All objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed written description.
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Bauman Charles David
Bealkowski Richard
Clement Thomas J
Pearce Jerry William
Turner Michael Robert
Dillon & Yudell LLP
International Business Machines - Corporation
Sparks Donald
Truong Bao Quoc
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