Surgery – Instruments – Stereotaxic device
Patent
1996-11-15
1998-07-07
Buiz, Michael Powell
Surgery
Instruments
Stereotaxic device
A61B 1900
Patent
active
057761434
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a surgical guidance device according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a method of guiding a surgical object to a target positioned in a patient.
The surgical guidance device according to the preamble of claim 1 is for example known from US-A-3,457,922 or US-A-3,073,310.
Both known devices have to be set up whilst attached to the patient's skull and X-rays are then taken of the patient while the device is so attached. Both devices have skill settings and protractor settings in order to be able to set up the device. In order to set the known devices up, the known devices have to be attached to the patient's skull.
According to the invention the surgical guidance device is characterized by the features of claim 1.
The swivel head may be mounted on a radius arm, the radius arm may be mounted on the base so as to be pivotally displaceable with respect to the base about a pivot axis normal to the first plane, and the radius arm may be slidably displaceable with respect to the base or the swivel head, whereby the radial distance between the swivel head and pivot axis can be varied.
The guide may comprise a guide tube along which a pin forming the surgical object or having the surgical object attached thereto, can slide with little clearance, the tube being connected to the swivel head via a ball-and-socket connection.
The guide tube may have a spherical formation between the ends and on the outside thereof, and the swivel head may comprise a pair of annular clamping plates between which the spherical formation is held, the clamping plates and the spherical formation forming said ball-and-socket connection, and locking of the guide in a selected angular position with respect to the swivel head being effected by clamping the clamping plates together to grip the spherical formation therebetween.
The surgical guidance device may have, in combination therewith as part of a kit, a phantom which comprises a plate having an opening therein and, spaced around the opening, three locating formations whose positions relative to one another correspond to the positions of said feet relative to one another, and the phantom further comprising a target block below the opening, the target block being slidable in three mutually orthogonal directions along graduated slides.
Further according to the invention there is provided a method of guiding a surgical object to a target position in a patient, the method comprising:
utilising a guidance device having a base with three feet which define a first plane, a swivel head which is constrained for movement in a second plane spaced from and parallel to the first plane, and a guide for the surgical object, the guide being mounted on the swivel head so that it can swivel with respect to the swivel head in all directions about a pivot point, applying at least three markers to the body of the patient, the positions of the markers relative to one another corresponding to the positions of said feet relative to one another; markers, in a three coordinate system; the swivel head in the second plane and adjusting the angular position of the guide with respect to the swivel head; with the positions of said markers; and
The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a surgical guidance device in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device; FIG. 3 is a section on III--III in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a section on IV--IV in FIG. 2, drawn to a larger scale;
FIG. 5 shows the back of a patient's head, to illustrate one of the procedures in which the guidance device can be used;
FIG. 6 illustrates a setting diagram that is produced by a PC-driven printer, for use in setting up the guidance device;
FIG. 7 is a side view, shown partly in section, of an accessory used in setting up the guidance device; and
FIG. 8 is a cut-away pictorial view of a phantom used to verify the setting of the guidance device.
Referring first to FIGS. 1 to 4, re
REFERENCES:
patent: 3457922 (1969-07-01), Ray
patent: 4809694 (1989-03-01), Ferrara
patent: 4955891 (1990-09-01), Carol
Buiz Michael Powell
Frommer William S.
Implico B.V.
Lewis William W.
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