Wells – Processes – With indicating – testing – measuring or locating
Patent
1976-12-01
1978-01-03
Novosad, Stephen J.
Wells
Processes
With indicating, testing, measuring or locating
166273, 166275, 252 855D, E21B 4322
Patent
active
040661245
ABSTRACT:
Primary anionic surfactants such as organic sulfonates are effective for recovering oil from subterranean formations only if the salinity and/or hardness of the formation water is relatively low. In petroleum formations containing high salinity, or hard water, either the high salinity water must be displaced by a preflush or the primary anionic surfactant must be used in conjunction with an effective solubilizing co-surfactant, such as ethoxylated alcohols or alkyl phenols, or alkyl or alkylaryl thiols, as well as sulfated or sulfonated, ethoxylated alcohols or alkyl phenols. Optimum performance is achieved if two or more samples of petroleum sulfonate having different equivalent weight ranges and distributions are blended in a ratio which requires the minimum amount of solubilizing cosurfactant to achieve a condition of borderline solubility in the particular formation water in which the surfactants are to be employed. This ratio may be identified by preparing a number of blended petroleum sulfonate samples in the formation water using different ratios of total primary surfactant concentration to solubilizing co-surfactant concentration, and determining whether borderline solubility is achieved, by direct observation or by identifying the sample which produced the minimum electrical conductivity, or at which point the conductivity vs. concentration ratio curve exhibits an inflection point.
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Carlin Joseph T.
Mills, Jr. Melvin E.
Ware James W.
Wells John A.
Novosad Stephen J.
Park Jack H.
Ries Carl G.
Suchfield George A.
Texaco Inc.
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