Paper making and fiber liberation – Processes of chemical liberation – recovery or purification... – With chemical or physical modification of liberated fiber
Reexamination Certificate
1998-09-29
2001-01-09
Silverman, Stanley S. (Department: 1731)
Paper making and fiber liberation
Processes of chemical liberation, recovery or purification...
With chemical or physical modification of liberated fiber
C162S090000, C162S164100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06171441
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for manufacture of resin-treated, mercerized cellulose fibers and fibrous products prepared therefrom and is directed particularly to a method of improving permeability and bulking properties and reducing the water retention value (WRV) of a mercerized, high porosity bulk pulp. The invention also includes the improved cellulose fibers, cellulosic sheet materials containing said fibers, and products manufactured therefrom (such as automotive oil and air filters).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cellulose fibers currently available in the market do not exhibit all desired properties for use in certain applications. For example, in the manufacture of automotive oil and air filters, it is desirable that the fibers exhibit reduced WRV and produce structures (e.g., filters) with high permeability and bulk with adequate sheet strength. However, one commercially available fiber produces structures with high permeability and bulk but does not have adequate sheet strength. Another commercially available fiber produces structures with higher permeability and bulk, but is brittle and loses permeability under conventional refining conditions. Another commercially available fiber produces structures with high permeability and bulk, but has an undesirably high WRV. Thus, there is a need in the art for improved cellulose fibers having reduced WRV that can produce structures with high permeability and bulk.
Attempts have been made to improve conventional manufacturing processes to obtain cellulose fibers of desired properties. For example, Shaw et al. describe in U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,470 that swellability, which is a result of water absorption, can be reduced by treating fibers with a substantive polymeric compound and fluff-drying. Adjusting parameters for improving quality of cellulose fibers are described in U.S. Pat. No: 3,756,913 to Wodka; U.S. Pat. No: 4,361,463 to Lindberg et al.; U.S. Pat. No: 4,853,086 to Graef; U.S. Pat. No: 2,926,116 to Keim et al.; and U.S. Pat. Nos: 5,200,036 and 5,015,245 to Noda. All patents (and references therein) cited herein are incorporated by reference. However, cellulose fibers that exhibit the desired properties as described herein have not been previously reported.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2926116 (1960-02-01), Keim
patent: 3756913 (1973-09-01), Wodka
patent: 3772076 (1973-11-01), Keim
patent: 3849309 (1974-11-01), Morris
patent: 4361463 (1982-11-01), Lindberg et al.
patent: 4853086 (1989-08-01), Graef
patent: 5015245 (1991-05-01), Noda
patent: 5200036 (1993-04-01), Noda
patent: 5935383 (1999-08-01), Sun et al.
Woitkovich et al.,Effect of Refining on the Molecular Mobility of Cellulose in Loblolly Pine Fibers, Tappi Journal, 1985, vol. 68, 87-89.
Mobarak et al.,Effect of Some Pretreatments on Carboxymethylation Rate and Water Uptake of Cellulosic Fibres, Svensk Papperstidning, 1983, vol. 86, No. 12, R120-127.
Wadsworth et al.,Comparison of the Effects of Liquid Ammonia and Sodium Hydroxide Treatments on the Accessibility of Wood Pulp, Textile Research Journal, 1979, vol. 49, No. 7, 424-427.
Herrick,Review of Treatment of Cellulose With Liquid Ammonia, J. Appl. Polymer Sci. (Appl. Polymer Symp.), 1983, vol. 37, No. 2, 993-1023.
Obarak et al.,On the Activation of Cellulose Through Xanthation.: Part II, Viscose and Rayon From Activated Cellulose, Cellulose Chem. Technol., 1982, vol. 16, No. 4, 415-420.
Aravindanath et al.,Layer Morphology and Its Relation to Swelling and Structure: I. Cotton Fibers Treated in Alkali Metal Hydroxides, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1992, vol. 46, 2239-2244.
Ray et al.,On the Partial Mercerization and Crimp Development in Jute Fiber, Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition, 1983, vol. 21, 263-270.
Murase et al.,The Effect of Lignin on Mercerization of Cellulose in Wood, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 1988, vol. 34, No. 12, 965-972.
Bell Whitten R.
Crenshaw Susan L. H.
Grimes Ellen A.
Phillips Arthur F.
Buckeye Technologies Inc.
Darby & Darby
McBride Robert
Silverman Stanley S.
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