Compositions – Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
Patent
1992-12-02
1995-01-17
Skaling, Linda
Compositions
Water-softening or purifying or scale-inhibiting agents
252 891, 264118, 264123, 264141, 264142, 264143, C11D 1700
Patent
active
053823770
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a process for the production of domestic and institutional detergents in the form of portioned pressings. The present invention also relates to these detergents in the form of portioned pressings. The elements crucial to the invention are described in the following with reference by way of example to laundry detergents. However, the teaching according to the invention is by no means confined to this particular application.
Laundry detergents based on surfactant-containing mixtures not only in the form of powders or fine-particle agglomerates, but also in the form of relatively large, portioned pressings have long been the subject of wishful thinking which has often been recorded in the literature on domestic detergents. In practice, laundry detergents in portioned form, for example in the form of tablets, cubes and the like, particularly for domestic washing machines, have never been successful because the requirements which portioned forms such as these are expected to satisfy are both complex and contradictory. Thus, portioned pressings not only have to show stability in storage over considerable periods, they also have to be capable of withstanding impact stressing over the same period so that they do not disintegrate, for example during transport or if accidentally dropped during handling. In practical application, however, pressings have to dissolve quickly and reliably under the effect of the washing water in the same way as the user has come to expect of commercially available washing powders. Portioned pressings, which are large by comparison with powder particles, actually have to dissolve completely in the times predetermined by the machine wash cycle.
DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART
German patent application 14 67 564 (Colgate) describes a process for the production of detergent tablets in which a fine-particle detergent of high silicate content is produced, water is added and the mixture is compacted under a light pressure of about 0.2 bar to about 1.8 bar to form a tablet.
According to German patent application 33 15 950, detergent tablets combining high mechanical strength with a high dissolving rate are obtained if, in their production, the highly alkaline constituents are first granulated and subsequently tabletted, optionally with addition of tabletting aids, for example sodium acetate, citrate or tartrate. Standard eccentric and rotary-table presses are suitable for this purpose.
According to the teaching of European patent application 291 097, bleaches containing active chlorine can be produced by first extruding a moist paste and then granulating the extrudate in a granulating machine or rounding it in a Marumerizer. After drying, the granules obtained in this way are converted into the portioned form in conventional tabletting machines.
Typical tabletting machines include those which are described, for example, in German patent application 15 02 303, in German utility model 88 16 064.5 and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,371,136, 3,337,915 and 3,118,183.
European patent application 328 880 (Colgate) describes the production of detergents based on surfactants and associated hydratable builders in extruded strand or rodlet form and, in addition, states that portioned products in "patty" form are produced from the extruded strands by light pressing. The dimensions of the portioned pressing are such that one tablet and, in some cases, even half a tablet covers the detergent demand of a machine washing cycle. The teaching of this document discusses the various difficulties--merely touched upon in the foregoing--involved in the marketing of portioned laundry detergents such as these. The technical solution described in European patent application 328 880 essentially comprises the following elements: both the first stage of the process, in which the mixture is extruded in strand form, and the second stage, in which the extrudates are converted into patty form, use mixtures which have a comparatively high water content which enables extremely low pressures to be applied in both stag
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Boecker Monika
Jacobs Jochen
Kruse Hans
Raehse Wilfried
Smulders Eduard
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Skaling Linda
Szoke Ernest G.
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