Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
Patent
1983-02-28
1985-11-12
Penland, R. B.
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
426471, 426630, 426807, A23K 100
Patent
active
045527750
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
It is known that fermentation of various carbohydrate materials and distillative separation of volatile products such as ethanol provides distillation residues which have considerable nutrition value and can be used for the preparation of animal feed. Ethanol fermentation of grain, for example, can provide stillage having a protein content of about 30% of the total dry substance content. However, due to the low dry substance content, in the range of about 3-10%, of the stillage obtained in conventional batch fermentation, the further processing of the stillage to dried feed has not been very economical, though nevertheless it is often carried out to avoid the environmental problems associated with the waste disposal.
Thus, methods for concentrating the stillage from distilleries for the production of animal feed are well known. In a common process solid components of the stillage are first separated by mechanical means, after which the effluent is subjected to a power consuming evaporation to a predetermined dry substance content to allow economical drying of the product in conventional dryers such as direct heated drum dryers indirectly or disc dryers heated by steam.
New continuous fermentation processes as for example those disclosed in the Swedish patent applications Nos. 7801133-5 and 7901738-0 have made possible a reduced process water input and an output of a stillage with a dry substance content in the range of 20-35%. The costs for further processing of such a stillage to animal feed stuff are therefore considerably reduced and the stillage has become a valuable by-product of the fermentation process. The value of the stillage to the economy of the total fermentation process depends mainly on the feed stuff quality and the energy cost for dewatering the stillage.
To convert the stillage obtained in said continuous fermentation processes, which is still a viscous liquor, to such a form that it can be dried in an economical way in e.g. a drum dryer, a further evaporation to a dry substance content in the range of 30-50% should be carried out. In drying in drum dryers or disc dryers, where the material either is contacted with gas at 200.degree.-800.degree. C. or with heating surfaces in the range of 150.degree.-200.degree. C., some degradation of substances important to the nutrition value can not be avoided, unless the drying is carried out under vacuum. Vacuum drying, however, constitutes an expensive alternative. Another extremely careful and also extremely expensive drying method is freeze drying under vacuum.
Among further drying methods, which are suitable for drying liquid products, spray drying should be mentioned. At spray drying the product is subjected to contact with air of high temperature (150.degree.-300.degree. C.), but due to extremely short residence times, a comparatively good product quality can be achieved. The disadvantage of the method is, that it is very expensive.
A rather new method to dry and simultaneously granulate a liquid product is so called spray granulation in a fluidized bed. According to this method the liquid product to be dried is sprayed over already granulated particles being maintained in fluidized state by means of a gaseous heating medium. Such processes are for example disclosed in the German published patent specifications Nos. 2 231 445 and 3 007 292. One disadvantage of this method is that the fluidization requires large drying gas volume flows, which cannot be freely selected. Further, since the product during the entire drying procedure is constituted by dried granules, which from time to time randomly absorb fine droplets, the granules have the temperature of the drying medium during practically the entire residence time in the fluidization chamber. If a careful drying is to be obtained by this method, a combination of low drying gas temperature and a very large apparatus volume blower capacity is unavoidable. Moreover, substantially complete backmixing of the material to be dried prevails in the fluidized bed, and consequently the residence time dis
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Baeling Peter
Ehnstrom Lars
Alfa-Laval AB
Penland R. B.
Svenska Lantmannens Riksforbund, Forening u.p.a
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