Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Fermentation processes – Of isolated carbohydrate
Patent
1988-03-02
1989-12-12
Cintins, Marianne
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Fermentation processes
Of isolated carbohydrate
426 52, 426658, 127 37, 127 66, A23L 1214
Patent
active
048866725
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process for the liquefaction of beets and chicory roots by an enzymatic method and to the liquid hydrolysate obtained.
The usual method of treating sugar beets consists of cutting them into thin strips and extracting the sucrose therefrom by diffusion. A sugary juice is thus obtained, which may be used for the production of food sugar. This sugary juice may also be subjected to an alcoholic fermentation in order to produce ethyl alcohol. After extraction by diffusion, there remains a pulp which may be used, after drying, in animal feeds.
The subject of the present invention is a new process for converting beets directly by an enzymatic method into a liquid hydrolysate without having to use an extraction by diffusion, and without the need for adding water before of during the treatment.
Moreover, it has been found that the process of the invention can also be applied to chicory roots.
More specifically, the invention relates to a process for the liquefaction of beets or chicory roots, comprising the following stages:
(a) coarse grinding of beets or of chicory roots which have previously been washed, so as to reduce them into small pieces;
(b) adding to and mixing with the beets or the chicory roots, during or after their grinding, an effective proportion of a mixture of enzymes containing at least one SPS-ase, one cellulase and one cellobiase, and an acid so as to adjust the pH of the ground product to within the range of from about 3 to 5.5;
(c) leaving the enzyme mixture to accomplish a prehydrolysis of the ground product for approximately 1 to 6 hours;
(d) during or after stage (c), fine grinding of the product into a slurry form;
(e) continuing the hydrolysis of the ground product in the slurry form by the enzyme mixture for approximately 20 to 120 hours; and
(f) recovering the resulting liquid hydrolysed product.
The process of the invention may be applied to sugar beets as well as to fodder beets and to hybrids of these types of beets.
The coarse grinding (a) of beets or of chicory roots may be carried out without adding water, in any type of suitable grinder-mixer, for example of the rotary helical blade type. In this stage, the beets or the chicory roots are ground into small pieces of a size of the order of approximately 1 cm.
The acid added in stage (b) may be an inorganic or organic acid. Sulfuric acid is particularly well suited. The acid is added so that the pH is within the range 3-5.5, preferably 3.5-5. The enzyme mixture employed for accomplishing the prehydrolysis (c) as well as the hydrolysis (e) must contain at least one SPS-ase, one cellulase and one cellobiase.
It is often essential to add a bacteriostatic agent which does not affect the action of the enzymes in stage (b). An example of bacteriostatic agent which may be employed is formol at a rate of approximatley 0.5 to 2 liters per ton of beets or of chicory roots (0.05 to 0.2%), preferably at a rate of approximately 1 liter per ton (0.1%). This agent is employed to avoid microbial proliferations. Bacteriostatic agents other than formol could, of course, be employed, but formol has the advantage of being inexpensive and readily available.
SPS-ase and its preparation are described in detail in FR-A-No. 2,518,570 in the name of NOVO INDUSTRI A/S. This enzyme is commonly obtained from microorganisms of the genus Aspergillus.
An enzyme composition containing SPS-ase, cellulase and cellobiase is marketed by the Danish company NOVO INDUSTRI A/S under the name "SP 249" and has the following enzyme activities, described according to the international nomenclature.
______________________________________ Pectinases:
Pectinesterase EC 3.1.1.11
Polygalacturonase EC 3.2.1.15
Exopolygalacturonase EC 3.2.1.67
Pectinelyase (transeliminase)
EC 4.2.2.2
Cellulases:
Endo-1,4 beta-glucanase
EC 3.2.1.4
Hemicellulases:
Alpha-glucosidase EC 3.2.1.20
Beta-glucosidase EC 3.2.1.21
Alpha-galactosidase EC 3.2.1.22
Beta-galactosidase EC 3.2.1.23
Beta-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.25
Alpha-L-arabinof
REFERENCES:
patent: 4544558 (1985-10-01), Pellegrini
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 104, No. 26, Jun. 30, 1986, 104:227697x.
Beldman et al., "Application of Cellulase and Pectinase from Fungal Origin for the Liquefaction and Saccharification of Biomass" in Enzyme Microb. Technol., vol. 6, Nov. 1984, pp. 503-507.
Olsen, "Method for Decomposition of Polysaccharides, Preferably Plant Cell Wall Polyscaccharides by Means of a Carbohydrase", No. 217, 1982, pp. 190, 193.
Baret Jean-Luc A. G.
Brouard Francois E. M. E.
de Baynast de Septfontaines Regis J. M. P.
Gicquiaux Yvon G. A. J. M.
Olsen Hans S.
Cintins Marianne
Novo Industri A/S
Sucre Recherches et Developpement
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