Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1994-04-15
1996-12-03
Teska, Kevin J.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
364462041, 36442601, G06F 1900, G06F 770
Patent
active
055814654
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to a process for changing the speed of a vehicle with driving wheels and with a continuously adjustable speed/torque characteristic in the drive train, corresponding to a change in the position of an accelerator pedal carried out by the driver of the vehicle. Every position of the accelerator pedal is associated with a predetermined drive output P.sub.b (.alpha.)=f.sub.1 (.alpha.).times.P.sub.max and/or a predetermined driving torque M.sub.v (.alpha.)=f.sub.1 (.alpha.).times.M.sub.max as a predetermined value, wherein the predetermined value is used as a reference value for an electronic drive control of the vehicle. The invention is also directed to a vehicle for implementing this process.
Although electric motor drives have been common in rail-borne vehicles for decades, such drives have so far been used in road vehicles only in a few special cases. Particularly in the field of passenger automobile construction, this has generally involved experimental vehicles. In general, road vehicles continue to be outfitted with an internal combustion engine which acts on the driving wheels via a mechanical drive train. In order to utilize a range of the speed/torque characteristic of the internal combustion engine favorable for the driving conditions in question at different driving speeds, a manual or automatic transmission with a hydraulic torque converter is normally provided in the drive train. In this way, the operator or driver who initiates an acceleration process at a given speed of the vehicle by means of an appropriate change in the position of the gas pedal (accelerator) is afforded the possibility, by selecting the gear, to use different ranges of the speed/torque characteristic and accordingly different output stages for the acceleration process.
In electric motor drives, particularly in drives with DC motors having a permanently excited stator and rotor and a corresponding rotor or stator provided with electromagnets controlled via the output electronics, it is possible to adjust practically any optional speed/torque combinations within wide limits, which can be referred to in this sense as an infinitely variable or continuously adjustable speed/torque characteristic or speed/output characteristic. There are also vehicles with mechanical drive trains (CVT transmission) which offer similar freedom with respect to speed ratio or gear ratio variations.
In view of these special properties there is no need in such vehicles, even those having high top speeds (e.g., 200 km/h), for a manually or automatically actuated transmission in the drive train. But, in so doing, the operator of the vehicle is deprived of the possibility of substantially influencing the time required for carrying out a desired change in speed, i.e. the magnitude of the acceleration quantity, through a selection of a "driving gear" by actuating the gearshift lever or gear selector. The only possibility remaining for the driver to transmit a "driving selection" to the vehicle is that of actuating the accelerator pedal. This means that he has no particular way of conveying to the vehicle his desire for a determined target speed and his desire for the magnitude of acceleration to achieve this target speed, which desires must be viewed as mutually distinct.
Consequently, in known vehicles with electric motor drive the actual position of the accelerator pedal is interpreted as a determining quantity for the driving torque desired by the driver or for the desired drive output and is controlled directly corresponding to the characteristic of the drive. The selection of a determined driving torque M at a given speed n is synonymous with the selection of a determined drive output P in view of the following equation:
As a result of an increase in the driving torque (or drive output) in effect in stationary driving operation (i.e. at constant speed), the vehicle is accelerated until the increased driving torque is again in equilibrium ("stationary operation") with the opposite moment produced by
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Adler Uwe
Drexl Hans-Jurgen
Lutz Dieter
Nagler Franz
Ochs Martin
Louis-Jacques Jacques
Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft
Teska Kevin J.
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