Turning – Process of turning
Patent
1991-10-08
1995-05-23
Bilinsky, Z. R.
Turning
Process of turning
82 12, 82118, B23B 100, B23B 540
Patent
active
054171300
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process and device for machining workpieces to shape, where the workpiece to be machined and a tool acting on the workpiece, which removes workpiece material mechanically, thermally or erosively, to produce a curved workpiece surface, are moved relative to one another in a machining movement which results from a removal movement and a positioning movement, and where the tool demonstrates a machining zone which acts on the workpiece surface to be machined and is extended in length or expansive in area, and, if necessary, is curved in its extent or expanse. Material-removing machining methods are, for example, lathing, grinding or milling, where the machining zone of the tool is formed as a cutting edge of a cutting wedge, especially as the main blade of a rotary chisel, or as the grinding cup of a grinding tool, depending on the machining method selected.
In the CNC-assisted duplicating process, it is already known that a tool with an extended or convex-curved blade is passed over the surface of a workpiece, which can be rotating, if necessary, by a movement in two axes, in such a way that a desired contour is followed. The cutting point of the tool migrates over the tool during the cutting movement, so that the precision of the workpiece surface to be finished is essentially dependent on the precision of the blade geometry. However, the latter leaves something to be desired, partly due to the wear phenomena which gradually occur at the blade. In addition, both convex and concave workpieces are machined with the convex tool, which leads to imprecision in the surface finish, especially for convex workpieces, as the result of poorly adapted surface curvature between the workpiece and the tool.
The invention is based on the task of developing a process and a device of the type stated initially, with which any desired curvature and curvature variations can be produced in the workpiece surface, with a high degree of precision and surface quality.
To accomplish this task, it is proposed, according to the invention, that the tool and the workpiece be moved relative to one another in such a way that the machining zone of the tool, in all machining positions, acts on the workpiece surface substantially at a point or a short segment of the tool, in comparison with the extent or expanse, and that the tangents through the machining zone of the tool and the workpiece surface to be produced, which run substantially at right angles to the removal direction, coincide at the instantaneous machining positions. With the process according to the invention, a type of peeling process is therefore carried out, in which the machining zone of the tool moves along points of the contour of the workpiece surface to be machined, with the prerequisite of coinciding tangents of the machining zone and the workpiece surface at the instantaneous machining positions.
According to a preferred form of the invention, the curvature of the machining zone of the tool is approximated to the workpiece surface to be produced, to the extent that a concave machining zone curvature is selected for convex workpiece surfaces, and a convex machining zone curvature is selected for concave workpiece surfaces. It is practical to make this selection in such a way that in the case of convex workpiece curvature, the concave curvature of the machining zone of the tool has a greater radius of curvature than the greatest radius of curvature of the workpiece, while in the case of concave workpiece curvature, the convex curvature of the machining zone, in its longitudinal direction, is less than the smallest radius of curvature of the workpiece surface.
The process according to the invention can be implemented in particularly simple manner if the machining zone of the tool, which is oriented in a fixed position, contains all the slants which occur in the workpiece surface to be machined in its progression, so that the tangent prerequisite can be fulfilled in all machining positions, simply by translational positioning movements between the
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Bilinsky Z. R.
Carl Benzinger GmbH & Co.
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