Polyurethane compositions with a low content of monomeric diisoc

Details Polyurethane compositions with a low content of monomeric diisoc Polyurethane compositions with a low content of monomeric diisoc

1997-03-27

1999-03-09

Short, Patricia A.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...

521159, 525123, 525127, 525128, 525395, 525409, 525440, 528 67, 528 76, 528 80, 528 83, C08L 7504, C08G 1872

Patent

active

058801677

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to compositions based on polyols and polyisocyanates with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates and to their production and use as a reactive hotmelt adhesive, lamination adhesive, adhesive/sealing compound, reactive primer or foam plastic from non-reusable pressurized containers.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Reactive polyurethane hotmelt adhesives in the context of the present invention are moisture-curing or moisture-crosslinking adhesives which are solid at room temperature, which are applied in the form of a melt and of which the polymeric constituents contain urethane groups and reactive isocyanate groups. Cooling of the melt results first in rapid physical setting of the hotmelt adhesive followed by a chemical reaction of the isocyanate groups still present with moisture from the environment to form a crosslinked infusible adhesive.
Lamination adhesives may either be similar in composition to reactive hotmelt adhesives or are applied as one-component systems from solutions in organic solvents, another embodiment consisting of two-component solvent-containing or solventless systems in which the polymeric constituents of one component contain urethane groups and reactive isocyanate groups while the second component contains polymers or oligomers bearing hydroxyl groups, amino groups, epoxy groups and/or carboxyl groups. In these two-component systems, the component containing isocyanate groups and the second component are mixed immediately before application, normally using a mixing and metering system.
Reactive polyurethane adhesive/sealing compound, more particularly one-component moisture-curing systems, generally contain polymers liquid at room temperature containing urethane groups and reactive isocyanate groups. For many applications, these compositions are solvent-free and extremely viscous and paste-like, being applied at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature of around 50.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.
Moisture-curing or moisture-crosslinking polyurethane primers are primers of which the polymeric constituents contain urethane groups and reactive isocyanate groups. In general, these compositions contain solvents and are applied at room temperature. To accelerate evaporation of the solvent, the substrates precoated with the primer may optionally be lightly heated.
Foam plastics from non-reusable pressurized containers in the context of the present invention are produced where they are to be used so that they are also known as in situ foam (DIN 18159). The systems in question are, in particular, moisture-curing one-component systems. The composition to be foamed is generally accommodated in non-reusable pressurized containers (aerosol cans). These polyurethane foams are used above all in the building field for sealing, insulation and assembly, for example of joints, roofs, windows and doors.
Reactive polyurethane compositions based on prepolymers of polyols and polyisocyanates and other additives are used in all these fields of application. In the case of the one-component formulations, the isocyanate groups still present react with moisture from the surrounding atmosphere, the reaction being accompanied by crosslinking and--in the case of the foams--an increase in volume. In the case of the two-component systems, chemical curing is accompanied by enlargement of the molecule or crosslinking of the molecule with the hydroxyl groups, amino groups, epoxy groups or carboxyl groups of the second reactive component.
The reactive polyurethane compositions for the applications mentioned above are distinguished by a very high performance profile. Accordingly, new applications for these adhesive compounds, sealants, foams and primers have been increasingly established over recent years. Compositions for such adhesives, sealing compounds, foams and primers are already known from a very large number of patent applications and other publications.
In addition to many advantages, the polyurethane compositions in question are also attended by cert

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GPC-Analyse des Gehaltes an monomerem Diisocyanat in Prepolymeren von segmentierten Polyurethanen, Colloid and Polymer Sci., 260, (1982) pp. 518-523.
Kunststoff-Handbuch, vol. 7, Polyurethane, G.W. Becker (editor), Hanser Verlag Munchen, 3rd Edition, 1993, p. 97 and p. 425.

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