Abrading – Work holder – Vacuum
Reexamination Certificate
2000-06-20
2003-03-25
Nguyen, George (Department: 3723)
Abrading
Work holder
Vacuum
C451S285000, C451S444000, C451S288000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06537143
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a load-cup which receives wafers as they are loaded onto and unloaded from a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to the pedestal of such a load-cup.
2. Description of the Related Art
Increasing the integration of semiconductor devices has required sequentially depositing multiple layers on a wafer. Accordingly, the semiconductor manufacturing process must include steps for planarizing each layer formed on the semiconductor wafer. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a typical process used for this purpose. In fact, CMP is well-suited for use in connection with large-diameter wafers because CMP produces excellent uniformity in planarizing wide areas in addition to narrow ones.
The CMP process makes use of mechanical friction and a chemical agent for finely polishing a wafer surface, such as that comprising tungsten or an oxide. In the mechanical aspect of such polishing, a wafer is placed on a rotating polishing pad and is rotated while a predetermined is load applied thereto, whereby the wafer surface is polished by the friction created between the polishing pad and the wafer surface. In the chemical aspect of such polishing, the wafer surface is polished by a chemical polishing agent, referred to as slurry, supplied between the polishing pad and the wafer.
A conventional CMP apparatus will now be described in with reference to 
FIGS. 1-6
. As shown best in 
FIGS. 1 and 2
, the conventional CMP apparatus includes a base 
100
, polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
installed on the base 
100
, a load-cup 
300
 for loading/unloading wafers, and a head rotation unit 
400
 having a plurality of polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d 
for holding the wafers and fixedly rotating the same on the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c. 
In general, the CMP apparatus is provided with three polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
so that a plurality of wafers can be processed in a short time. Each of the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
is closely fixed on a rotatable carousel (not shown). Pad conditioners 
211
a, 
211
b 
and 
211
c 
for controlling the surface states of the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
and slurry supplying arms 
212
a, 
212
b 
and 
212
c 
for supplying slurry to the surfaces of the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
are provided in the vicinity of the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b 
and 
210
c. 
The load-cup 
300
 for wafer loading/unloading has a pedestal 
310
 having a circular-plate shape, on which the wafers are placed, installed therein. At the load-cup 
300
, as will be described later, washing of polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d 
for holding wafers and the pedestal 
310
 is performed.
Also, the load-cup 
300
 includes a circular pedestal 
310
 on which the wafers are placed. The bottom surfaces of the polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d 
and the top surface of the pedestal 
310
 are washed at the load-cup 
300
, as will be described later in more detail.
The head rotation unit 
400
 includes four polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d 
and four rotation shafts 
420
a, 
420
b, 
420
c 
and 
420
d. 
The polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d 
hold wafers and apply a predetermined amount of pressure to the top surfaces of the polishing pads 
210
a, 
210
b
, 
210
c 
and 
210
d. 
The rotation shafts 
420
a, 
420
b, 
420
c 
and 
420
d 
for rotating the polishing heads 
410
a, 
410
b, 
410
c 
and 
410
d, 
respectively, are mounted on a frame 
401
 of the head rotation unit 
400
. A driving mechanism for rotating the rotation shafts 
420
a, 
420
b, 
420
c 
and 
420
d 
is provided within the frame 
401
 of the head rotation unit 
400
. The head rotation unit 
400
 is supported by a rotary bearing 
402
 so as to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the rotary bearing 
402
.
The process performed by the CMP apparatus having the above-described configuration will now be described with reference to 
FIGS. 1 and 2
. First, a wafer 
10
 transferred to the load-cup 
300
 by a wafer transfer apparatus (not shown) is placed on the surface of the pedestal 
310
 of the load-cup 
300
. Here, the wafer 
10
 is adhered by suction to the surface of the pedestal 
310
 so as not to move. Then, the wafer 
10
 is lifted by the pedestal 
310
 onto a polishing head 
410
 positioned above the pedestal 
310
. The wafer 
10
 is adhered by suction to the polishing head 
410
. The head rotation unit 
400
 is rotated to transfer the wafer 
10
 in such a state above the polishing pad 
210
a 
adjacent to the load-cup 
300
. Then, the polishing head 
410
 is lowered to tightly press the wafer 
10
 onto the polishing pad 
210
a. 
At this time, the polishing pad 
210
a 
and the wafer 
10
 are rotated in the same direction while slurry is supplied therebetween, whereby the wafer 
10
 is polished. The wafer 
10
 is then transferred sequentially to the other polishing pads 
210
b 
and 
210
c 
and then to the load-cup 
300
 where it is placed on the pedestal 
310
. Thereafter, the wafer transfer apparatus transfers the wafer 
10
 placed on the pedestal 
310
 to a location outside the CMP apparatus.
Once the wafer 
10
 has been unloaded, the polishing head 
410
 descends towards the load-cup 
300
. In such a state, deionized water is sprayed to wash the bottom surface of the polishing head 
410
 and the top surface of the pedestal 
310
. When washing is completed, the polishing head 
410
 and the pedestal 
310
 are lifted again and a new wafer is transferred by the wafer transfer apparatus onto the pedestal 
310
.
FIGS. 3 and 4
 are perspective views of the load-cup and pedestal, respectively, of the conventional CMP apparatus. 
FIG. 5
 is a cross-sectional view of the load-cup with its pedestal, and 
FIG. 6
 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a peripheral portion of the pedestal shown in FIG. 
5
.
Referring to 
FIGS. 3 and 5
, in order to wash the bottom surface of the polishing head 
410
 and the top surface of the pedestal 
310
, the load-cup 
300
 is provided with washing means comprising a first nozzle 
331
 and a second nozzle 
332
 for spraying deionized water within a washing basin 
320
 of the load-cup 
300
. The first nozzle 
331
 is oriented so as to spray deionized water toward the top surface of the pedestal 
310
 and the second nozzle 
332
 is oriented so as to spray deionized water toward a membrane 
411
 installed on the bottom surface of the polishing head 
410
. The membrane 
411
 allows a vacuum to act on the wafers and secure them to the polishing head 
410
. Three sets each of the first and second nozzles 
135
 and 
136
 are installed at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the pedestal 
310
. Three wafer aligners 
340
 for guiding wafers are installed within the washing basin 
320
 of the load-cup 
300
 at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the pedestal 
310
 to guide the wafers placed on the pedestal 
310
 into position.
The washing basin 
320
 is supported by a cylindrical support housing 
350
, and a flexible hose 
336
 for supplying deionized water to the first and second nozzles 
331
 and 
332
 is installed within the support housing 
350
. A washing fluid channel 
337
 for connecting the flexible hose 
336
 to the first and second nozzles 
331
 and 
332
 is provided within the washing basin 
320
.
As best shown in 
FIG. 4
, the pedestal 
310
 of the load-cup 
300
 includes a pedestal plate 
311
, a pedestal support column 
312
 and a thin pedestal film 
313
. The pedestal plate 
311
 serves to support wafers and is in turn supported by the pedestal support column 
312
. The conventional pedestal plate 
311
 is circular. The thin pedestal film 
313
 is adhered to the top surface of the pedestal plate 
311
 and directly contacts the wafer supported by the pedestal plate 
311
.
Referring to both 
FIGS. 4 and 5
, a plurality of fluid ports 
314
 extend through the pedestal plate 
311
 to allo
Hong Hyung-sik
Kim Kyung-dae
Kim Min-gyu
Yang Yun-sik
Nguyen George
Samsung Electronics Co,. Ltd.
Volentine & Francos, PLLC
LandOfFree
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