Electrical computers and digital data processing systems: input/ – Input/output data processing – Input/output data buffering
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-01
2002-04-02
Lee, Thomas (Department: 2182)
Electrical computers and digital data processing systems: input/
Input/output data processing
Input/output data buffering
C709S212000, C709S250000, C709S241000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06366970
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The invention relates to data processing. More particularly, the invention relates to handling and manipulating high-speed streaming data in a computing device.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The transfer of information in the form of streaming data is of increasing importance. Streaming data are data that are transferred, typically in real time, as a continuous and uninterrupted stream using such formats as MPEG2. While MPEG-2 has been used in static media such as DVD and is well known to the general public, it is less known that MPEG-2 has been used in streaming (real-time) applications such as digital satellite broadcast, e.g. DSS, DVB, Primestar, and Dishnetwork.
In such environments, the data are transmitted at variable rates. This streaming of data presents significant problems to a device that is to receive the data. For example, it is not possible to go back and resample the data as with a DVD because the data are streaming, i.e. they are not fixed on a medium that may be reread if an error in data transfer is detected—they have evaporated into the ether. Thus, it is extremely difficult to recover from a failure in the transfer of a data block where the data block is part of an emphemeral data stream.
Heavy use of memory copying and/or heavy use of allocation and deallocation of software objects and/or hardwired & inflexible memory usage have been the traditional software engineering approaches to solving the problem of processing streaming data. All of these methods require a significant percentage of available computing time and bandwidth inside the computing device. In the non-streaming case, compute time is generally not as significant an issue because a job can be processed in a pseudo batch mode. Unfortunately, in the case of streaming media, such as satellite data in the form of audio, video, and data, there is no way to control the rate of the incoming data. Poor data handling leads to input data overruns and a resultant loss of input data.
The computing device must be capable of handling the data stream in a worst case scenario. When a large amount of memory copying or allocation and deallocation is performed in the computing device, the system has fewer resources available for processing other incoming requests and for general activities. This leaves the computing device with too much to do in heavy loading cases, with errors or data loss being the result.
A possible approach to solving the problem of processing streaming data may be provided by a memory manager, such as SmartHeap™, which uses a recycled memory buffer for the specific purpose of memory management. However, these techniques have not been applied to the realm of streaming media. It is also possible to use multiple threads for streamlining control and delineation of duties. Again, such known technology is not specifically targeted to the problems associated with the handling of streaming media. Therefore, these techniques are not specifically made for streaming and are found to be suboptimal due to their lack of specific focus on these streaming issues.
It would be advantageous to provide an efficient and reliable method and apparatus for processing streaming data in a computer system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a method and apparatus that offers optimal handling of high bandwidth streaming data in a computer system. An overall objective in such a system is to minimize computational activities and thereby achieve maximal performance. This result is accomplished in the invention described herein by minimizing the amount of memory copying and also by minimizing the number of allocations and deallocations of objects.
Memory copying is a CPU/bandwidth intense operation when there is high speed streaming data on the input. The allocation and deallocation of objects is a system resource intense activity and requires a very significant amount of CPU processing per invocation in a computing device. Using a combination of techniques, the invention provides a technique that reduces both the number of memory copies as well as the number of objects which get allocated and deallocated during the course of operating on the streaming media data.
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Clark et al, PROVIDING SCALABLE WEB SERVICE USING MULTICAST DELIVERY, 1995 IEEE, 19-26.
Langer Randy
Wolff Robert M.
Elamin Abdelmoniem
Glenn Michael A.
Lee Thomas
Ravisent Technologies, Inc.
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