Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Beverage or beverage concentrate
Patent
1998-02-09
1999-07-13
Lacey, David
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Beverage or beverage concentrate
992771, 99276, 426132, 426262, 426420, C12C 100, C12F 100, A21D 1002, C12G 240
Patent
active
059223898
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a method for treating cask oak wood or other wood products used to enhance the flavour of alcoholic beverage and furthermore to provide colour improvement of such beverage.
Traditionally oak has been used for the manufacture of casks for storing alcoholic beverages, such as spirits and wines. The casks are made from shaped oak wood blocks which may be heat treated to provide particular flavouring and colour characteristics to the beverage which is to be held in the cask. In addition other oak wood products, for example, oak blocks, shavings or extracts have been added to alcoholic beverages to provide particular flavour or colour characteristics.
It has been known to treat the oak with metal salts, particularly for the purpose of providing tire retardants.
An object of the present invention, however, is to use salt and simple organic compound solutions for the purposes of providing flavour and colour to the alcoholic beverage.
According to the invention there is provided a cask for containing alcoholic beverages, the cask being made from wood which has been impregnated with a salt or compound solution.
Preferably, the wood is oak. The oak may be provided in the form of wooden blocks which may be soaked in the solution.
Preferably also of the wood blocks are heat treated after their soaking in the solution.
Also according to the invention there is provided oak wood impregnated with salt extracts for storing, flavouring or colouring alcoholic beverages.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing casks for containing alcoholic beverages, the method including the steps of: the degree of colour and flavour change required; and will develop the required colour and flavour.
Also according to the invention the above method may be used in respect of oak wood products used for flavour or colouring alcoholic beverages (e.g. wood shavings, oak blocks or oak extracts).
In order to assist the reader in performing the invention, the following example is given. That is, oak wood may be soaked overnight in a solution of a compound or a solution of a mixture of compounds, in accordance with the invention. By way of example only, the following compounds may be used; calcium chloride, magnesium sulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, iron chloride, sodium sulphate, zinc sulphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and glycine.
After the oak wood have been soaked in the solution, it may be toasted at 190.degree. C. for 60 minutes. It is preferable although not essential that the toasting of the wood takes place after the soaking process. Similarly, the temperature and time of the toasting process should be similar to that which would be found in a cooperage.
Experiments have been conducted using this process in respect of various solutions and the results of the experiment may be seen from the attached table. In the experiment the surface of the blocks were removed to a depth of 3 mm and an ethanol/water extract was made of the wood flour. These extracts were presented blind to a sensory panel of 7 people for assessment. They scored the extracts for a flavour aroma (the scores being from 0 to 3) and the main scores are presented in the table attached. Colour of the extracts (at 60% v/v ethanol) were measured with a spectrophotometer at 430 nm.
It may be seen from the attached table that large differences between the controls (the untreated and heat treated only rows) were observed in respect of both flavour profiles and colour intensity. This is true whether individual compounds in the treatments were employed or where, alternatively, a mixture was employed.
It may also be seen from the experiment described above that the use of different salts and solutions may be selected to achieve a desired and predetermined result in respect of colour and flavour. Various flavour aromas may be achieved depending on the choice of solution and thus th
REFERENCES:
patent: 2080138 (1937-05-01), Krebs
patent: 5102675 (1992-04-01), Howell et al.
Chemical Abstracts, vol. 66, No. 17, Apr. 24, 1976, Abstract No. 74929u, I.M. Skurikhin, Treatment of Oakwood with Heat, Acids and Alkalies for Storage of Cognacs.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 59, No. 4, 1992, pp. 477-482, Pigott et al., "The Influence of Non-Volatile Constituents on the Extraction of Ethyl Esters from Brandies".
Kenneth Kilby, The Cooper and His Trade Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno CA 93726 p. 77, 1971.
Reid Kenneth John Gibson
Steele Gordon Mark
Ward Andrew Frank
Becker Drew
Lacey David
The Scotch Whisky Research Institute
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