Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
Patent
1990-01-08
1990-10-30
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
47 58, 71 65, 71 76, 422 28, A01D 9100
Patent
active
049667564
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to the art of biology and agriculture and, more particularly, to a method of sterilizing anthers.
PRIOR ART
The world is now facing the problem of intensification of the agriculture, in particular, of raising the yielding capacity of grain crops, fodder plants, vegetables and industrial crops through an intensive application of first-generation hybrids. Due to the heterosis phenomenon these hybrids differ from the parental forms by a higher productivity (by 25-30%) and a high quality of the products. Known in the art is a method of breeding novel hybrids based on the "cytoplasmic male sterility-fertility reductants". This method is based on a long-time (12 to 14 years) and complicated selection work involving creation of sterile analogs, sterility-fixing agents and fertility reductants. Most promising are methods based on sterilization of anthers by chemical sterilizing agents (gametocides). The use of gametocides proves to be much more economically efficient than the use of "cytoplasmic male sterility", since there is no necessity in providing such forms as a sterile analog, an analog of sterility fixation in maternal forms and reducing fertility in parental ones. In fact, it is possible to obtain seeds of first-generation hybrids both in the course of a selection study of the initial forms and in organization of their commercial-scale production.
By now about 200 compounds have been found which display a gametocidal activity and belong the different classes of chemical compounds as regards their chemical structure. Gametocides must cause possibly-complete male sterility in treated plants, while preserving the viability of ovicells and ensuring the setting in open pollination at a sufficiently high level (preferably not less than 70% of control). Their phytotoxicity and toxicity for warm-blooded must be minimal.
Known in the art are methods of sterilizing the anthers of cereal crops (L. J. Nikell, Plant Growth Regulators. Applications in Agriculture", 1984, "Kolos" Publishing House, Moscow, pp. 28-31; SU, A, 906457) which comprise treatment of plants with sterilizing agents such as 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), maleic acid hydrazide, di-(polyfluoroalkyl)-phosphoric acids and salts thereof, and the like. Treatment of plants with a sterilizing agent is carried out at V or VI stage of the organogenesis (after F. M. Kuperman).
At the V stage of organogenesis the processes of formation and differentiation of florets begin. At the end of this stage neoplasms originate; sporogenous and archisporeal tissues. At this stage the initiation of stamina, pistil, and integumentary organs of the floret occurs. At the V-th stage the beginning of differentiation of the stamen primordium into a connective and pistil is observed. The VI-th stage is characterized by the processes of floret formation (micro- and macro-sporogenesis). At this stage individual mononuclear pollen grains are usually formed (F. M. Kuperman, "Morphophysiology of Plants", 1973, "Vysshaja Shkola", Moscow, pp. 30-36).
Also known is a method of sterilization of anthers of cereal plants (GB, A, 1567153) which comprises treatment of cereal plants with a sterilizing agent during the period between the appearance of the second internode and earing. As the sterilizing agent heterocyclic compounds are used, the main representatives thereof being 2-carboxy-3,4-methanopyrrolidine or 2-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-methanopyrrolidine. These compounds are used in combination with diluents and surfactants.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The specific object of the present invention is to provide, by selection of novel sterilizing agents, a method which could be used for sterilizing anthers of a broad range of crops with a high efficiency of sterilization, while preserving a high settability of seeds in open pollination.
This object is accomplished by that in the method of sterilizing anthers of plants according to the present invention comprising treatment thereof with a sterilizing agent in combination with a diluen
REFERENCES:
"Plant Growth Regulators", Louis G. Nickell, Springer-Verlag, 1982, pp. 28-31.
Chiryaev, "Industsirovanie Muzhskoi Sterilnosti u Podsolnechnika rastvorami", No. 4, 1982, pp. 43-44.
Fedin Marat A.
Kuznetsova Tatyana A.
Lysenkov Viktor I.
Novikova Svetlana A.
Paklin Sergei I.
McMahon Timothy M.
Warden Robert J.
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