Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
Patent
1995-11-13
1998-04-28
Lacey, David L.
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
426 49, 426 52, 426 53, 426 54, 426 61, 426418, 426419, A23K 303
Patent
active
057441898
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The object of the invention is to develop a method of ensiling fermentable agricultural materials intended primarily for animal fodder, in which preservation is achieved mainly by lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria in the silage material.
The requirements for adequate formation of lactic acids derive from the living conditions required by the desired cold lactic acid bacteria. Among these requirements for life are sufficient fermentable carbohydrates, anaerobic conditions and relatively low temperatures. Fermentable carbohydrates, the oxygen content of the air and the temperature are closely interrelated. The process of oxidation of fermentable carbohydrates by aerobic microorganisms and by plant parts that have not yet died, which involves large losses, causes an increase in temperature which in turn worsens the living conditions for cold lactic acid bacteria and improves those of deleterious organisms. The method in accordance with the invention is intended to avoid these disadvantages.
For the successful production of good silage sufficient lactic acid must be formed as rapidly as possible, and the amount of lactic acid must remain sufficient as long as the silage is in storage. Therefore solid carbon dioxide is employed as an additive to the silage, so that in combination with sufficient naturally present or added lactic acid bacteria and sufficient fermentable carbohydrates, which may be naturally present or added, fermentation in an amount of silage large enough to be little affected by the ambient temperature will proceed in such a way that sufficient lactic acid is formed with little loss of silage. The method produces silage of high quality with little loss of silage, by a method that is environmentally benign.
The invention relates to a method of ensiling fermentable agricultural products intended primarily for animal fodder. The purpose of ensilage is to preserve fermentable agricultural products, mainly by means of lactic acid, which is produced by lactic acid bacteria in the material to be converted to silage. As is well known, various actions are ascribed to the lactic acid in this process. Chief among these are the reduction of pH, a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of the acid residue, and an antibiotic-like action.
For the successful production of silage, sufficient lactic acid must be formed as rapidly as possible, and the lactic acid must continue to be present in sufficient amounts as long as the silage is stored.
All measures that assist the formation and continued presence of lactic acid are to be promoted, and whatever counteracts this should be avoided or prevented. If this principle is followed consistently, organisms deleterious to silage cannot develop.
The requirements for adequate formation of lactic acid are derivable from the conditions the desired cold lactic acid bacteria need in order to live. Among these necessities for life are sufficient fermentable carbohydrates, anaerobic surroundings and relatively low temperatures. Fermentable carbohydrates, the oxygen content of the air and the temperature are closely interrelated. Under the action of oxygen in the air fermentable carbohydrates, in particular sugar, such as molasses are oxidized by those parts of plants that have not yet died and by aerobic microorganisms. This process, which involves large losses, causes an increase in temperature which in turn makes the environment less favorable for cold lactic acid bacteria and more favorable for the deleterious organisms. The warm conditions persist until the oxygen in the air within the silage has been used up or expelled. Furthermore, temperature affects gas exchange in such a way that the exchange of gases, and hence the replenishment of oxygen within the silage, is facilitated at higher temperatures. As a result, in many cases so much of the available sugar can be consumed by these processes that not enough is left for the required production of lactic acid. Hence the necessary lowering of pH in the silage does not occur, and butyric acid is for
REFERENCES:
JP, A, 57016661, Abstract only, JP Abstracts, vol. 6, No. 85, (May, 1982).
Koh Choon P.
Lacey David L.
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