Electrical computers and digital processing systems: virtual mac – Virtual machine task or process management
Reexamination Certificate
2001-02-05
2004-11-02
An, Meng-Al T. (Department: 2127)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: virtual mac
Virtual machine task or process management
C718S103000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06813766
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to operating systems for computers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for scheduling processes within an operating system based upon virtual server identifiers, wherein the operating system supports multiple virtual servers that operate within separate virtual environments on a single computing platform.
2. Related Art
Application service providers (ASPs) are commonly used to support numerous applications for multiple enterprises, partners and end users. Within an ASP, applications belonging to different enterprises are often run on the same computing platform in order to reduce deployment costs. However, this consolidation can create problems, because processes belonging to one enterprise can potentially access information belonging to another enterprise.
This problem can be remedied by running applications belonging to different enterprises on different “virtual servers” that operate within different “virtual environments” on the same computer system. In this type of system, processes running on a first virtual server in a first virtual environment are insulated from processes running on a second virtual server in a second virtual environment. This means that processes operating within a given virtual environment are only able to access entities or resources defined within the given virtual environment. Hence, from a user's perspective, the given virtual environment appears to be a stand-alone computer system that is dedicated to the given virtual environment.
Existing operating system structures are not well-suited to facilitate virtual servers and virtual environments. The UNIX FREEBSD™ operating system presently supports a chroot( ) command that changes the root directory for a process, and thereby forces the process to run on a subset of the file system, without being able to access any other parts of the file system.
However, existing operating systems presently lack other mechanisms to support virtual environments. For example, there is presently no efficient mechanism to adjust the priority of processes running on a given virtual server relative to the priorities of processes running on other virtual servers. Such a mechanism would allow different virtual servers to provide different levels of service. This would allow processes belonging to a virtual server that provides a higher level of service to run before processes belonging to other virtual servers that provide lower levels of service. At present, such process priorities must be adjusted individually for each process.
What is needed is a method and an apparatus for efficiently adjusting the priority of processes for virtual servers.
SUMMARY
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system that schedules processes within an operating system based upon virtual server identifiers, wherein the operating system supports multiple virtual servers that operate within separate virtual environments on a single computing platform. Upon detecting an event that causes a scheduling priority for a process to be updated, the system looks up a virtual server identifier for the process. This virtual server identifier specifies a virtual server and an associated virtual environment that the process operates within. Next, the system uses the virtual server identifier to look up a scheduling priority associated with the virtual server, and then calculates an updated scheduling priority for the process based upon the scheduling priority for the virtual server.
In one embodiment of the present invention, calculating the updated scheduling priority involves calculating the updated scheduling priority based upon: a value, E, stored within a priority-related timer that keeps track of execution time for the process; a normal system priority, S
P
, associated with the process; and the scheduling priority, M, associated with the virtual server. In a variation in this embodiment, the system calculates the updated scheduling priority, P, by using the formula P=S
P
+S(E/M), wherein S is a tunable constant value.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the system is configured to receive a command to adjust the scheduling priority associated with the virtual server. If this command is received from an authorized entity, the system adjusts the scheduling priority associated with the virtual server so that the scheduling priorities of all processes associated with the virtual server are modified.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the system charges a fee for hosting the virtual server, wherein the fee is based upon the scheduling priority associated with the virtual server.
In one embodiment of the present invention, detecting the event that causes the scheduling priority to be updated involves detecting that the process is entering a sleep state; that the process is waking from a sleep state; or that a priority-related timer associated with the process reaches a maximum value.
In one embodiment of the present invention, looking up the virtual server identifier for the process involves looking up the virtual server identifier within a process structure maintained by the operating system for the process.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5361375 (1994-11-01), Ogi
patent: 6091414 (2000-07-01), Kraft et al.
patent: 6631394 (2003-10-01), Ronkka et al.
Interland, Inc.
Park Vaughan & Fleming LLP
Tang Kenneth
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