Radiant energy – Geological testing or irradiation – With sampling
Patent
1981-08-07
1985-01-08
Howell, Janice A.
Radiant energy
Geological testing or irradiation
With sampling
250343, G01V 500
Patent
active
044928629
ABSTRACT:
Beams (11) and (13) produced by helium-neon gas lasers (10) and (12) are directed at photoacoustic absorption cells (20) and (21) containing a flowing sample gas stream recovered from coal, oil and natural gas well drilling. The common hydrocarbon gases and vapors within cell (20) highly absorb the infrared energy emitted by laser (10) thereby producing an acoustic disturbance which is detected by a transducer (34) which produces an electrical output signal proportional to the concentration of the hydrocarbon gases and vapors. The methane gas within cell (21) weakly absorbs the infrared energy of laser beam (13), and thus the resulting output signal produced by a transducer (35) serves as a reference signal for determining the methane concentration. The output signals from transducers (34) and (35) are used by data processing unit (40) to compute the total concentration of hydrocarbon gases and vapors and the concentration of methane gas within cells (20) and (21). A turnable carbon dioxide gas laser (44) produces laser beams (45) and (47) both in the infrared region which are highly absorbed by the propane and n-butane component gases, respectively, flowing through photoacoustic cell (48). The level of energy absorbed from these two beams, as determined by the energy of the acoustic disturbance produced within cell (48) induces production of an electrical output signal by transducer (56) at levels proportional to the concentrations of the propane and n-butane gases in cell (48). The output signals from transducer (56) are then used by data processing unit (40) to compute the concentrations of propane, n-butane gases and C.sub.5.sup.+ gases in the sample.
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Exhibit 1--C. Forbes Dewey, Jr., "The MIT Two-Wavelength Laser System for Measuring Atmospheric Methane", Text of talk presented at a meeting on Current Research on Methane Detection & Measurement, sponsored by Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Ill., Aug. 27, 1979.
Exhibit 2--Dewey et al., "Acoustic Amplifier for Detection of Atmospheric Pollutants", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 23, No. 11, Dec. 11, 1973.
Exhibit 3--H. J. Gerritsen, "Tuned-Laser Spectroscopy of Organic Vapors", in Physics of Quantium Electronics, Kelly, Lax & Tannelwald, Eds. (McGraw-Hill, NY 1966, p. 581 et seq.).
Exhibit 4--Balakin et al., "Switching of the Emission Wavelength of a Helium-Neon Laser in the 3.39.mu. region", Sov. J. Quant. Electron., vol. 5, No. 2, Aug. 1975, pp. 230, 231.
Exhibit 5--H. J. Gerritsen, "Methane Gas Detection Using a Laser", Transactions, Dec. 1966, pp. 428, 429, 430, 431, 432.
Exhibit 6--V. I. Makhorin, "Tuning of the Wavelength of a Helium-Neon Laser from 3.3912 to 3.3922.mu.", Sov. J. Quant. Electron., vol. 3, No. 1, Jul.-Aug. 1973, 24-28.
Exhibit 7--C. Brandley Moore, "Gas-Laser Frequency Selection by Molecular Absorption", Applied Optics, vol. 4, No. 2, Feb. 1965, pp. 252, 253.
Exhibit 8--Grant et al., "Laser System for Global Detection of Natural Gas", publ. by Jet Propulsion Lab., 2nd Quarterly Report, Apr. 20, 1981.
Exhibit 9--Shumate et al., "Water Vapor Absorption of Carbon Dioxide Laser Radiation", Applied Optics, vol. 15, No. 10, Oct. 1976.
Exhibit 10--R. M. Russ, Jr., Master's Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 1978, "Detection of Atmospheric Methane Using a Two-Wave Length HeNe Laser System".
Grynberg Jack
Moody Stephen E.
Nelson Leonard Y.
Howell Janice A.
Mathematical Sciences Northwest, Inc.
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