Static information storage and retrieval – Systems using particular element – Semiconductive
Reexamination Certificate
2002-11-19
2004-11-16
Phan, Trong (Department: 2818)
Static information storage and retrieval
Systems using particular element
Semiconductive
C365S182000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06819588
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is in the field of data storage and of micro-mechanical systems. It more particularly relates to a method of structuring a surface, a memory element, a storage medium as data carrier means, a data storage device, and a use of method of structuring a surface.
2. Description of Related Art
Due to increasing miniaturization in many technological fields, including data storage, techniques for applying specific microstructures in the sub-micron or micron range to surfaces become increasingly important. An interesting technology in this context is also the Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Another promising application field concerns the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology.
Known techniques for structuring and probing surfaces in the sub-micron region include Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), e.g. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) or Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). These techniques serve as tools for investigating materials as well as for finding new materials or methods for the application in storage media.
An example of a storage device based on SPM is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,835,477. A device including arrays of SPMs is described. Perturbations on an essentially flat storage medium surface serve as data bits. Due to the multitude of SPMs, data bits can simultaneously be generated, erased or read. Examples of perturbations serving as data bits include indentations in a soft material as well as locally modified chemical properties, domain structures, crystalline phases, polarization states, and electronic states. All the disclosed perturbations have in common that they are easily disturbed and that they have a rather limited lifetime. Especially, indentations in a wax like medium are relatively quickly smeared out by the mechanical wear of the reading process.
MEMS sensors and actuators become increasingly important. These systems are usually based on a microstructure of silicon and combine mechanical and electrical functions.
SOI (silicon on insulator) technology has recently gained considerable importance. SOI devices comprise a silicon oxide layer and a thin silicon layer on top of it. In this silicon layer, the transistor structure of a chip is formed. Compared to conventional chips built atop a crystalline silicon wafer, the charge-up process when a transistor is switched is done more quickly and efficiently and less power consuming.
When a SOI chip is built, in a first step the silicon-on-oxide structure has to be produced. To this end, two technologies are available: SIMOX (silicon implanted oxide) and bonded SOI. Both technologies have in common the disadvantage that the structure quality and, especially, the interface quality are difficult to control. It would therefore be desirable to have a method and a device that allow testing of the interface quality of a silicon/silicon oxide interface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a memory element that produces a reliable information bit with a long lifetime.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new method for structuring a surface on a micron or submicron scale that overcomes drawbacks of existing methods and that especially reliably produces a structured surface with information bits with a long lifetime. Preferably, the bits should be readable repeatedly an arbitrary number of times.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a storage medium and a storage device as well as a use for the method of structuring surfaces.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for manipulating a surface structure on a submicron or micron scale.
A basic memory element according to the invention is made up of a protrusion on a substrate. The protrusion is such that a predetermined breaking point is present. The protrusion is removed when a pre-defined force is applied onto it. The memory element in this way serves as data bit: the information is given by the fact whether the protrusion is broken off or not.
The invention is based on the insight that an interface a protrusion with a predetermined breaking point can serve as a non-volatile memory element. The protrusion is removed by simply applying a predefined force, such as a lateral force, on the protrusion.
An interface, for example, involving two different materials, can serve as a well defined area of fracture and, thus, as predetermined breaking point. Further preferred predetermined breaking points include breaking points given by a protrusion's geometry, for example its base or constrictions at arbitrary elevations above.
An idea underlying the invention is to make use of the non-volatile character of this information storage. Two examples:
A plurality of basic elements can make up a storage medium. A surface is structured by starting from a first structure, preferably a regular pattern of protrusions, and by selectively removing protrusions by a micro-device. The resulting pattern can be used to code information/data and therefore is an example of an extremely reliable ROM (read only memory) that can not be manipulated.
A basic memory element according to the invention can be combined with a micro electro mechanical sensor. Such a sensor may be formed as a protrusion with a sensor element. The sensor element causes the protrusion to be bent as a function of the quantity to be measured. If the protrusion is at the same time formed to be a memory element according to the invention, the protrusion is broken off if the measured quantity exceeds a certain value. The data bit contains then non-volatile information about the fact if the quantity has once been exceeded. In this way, a concept of “threshold security” is introduced.
The method for structuring a surface is essentially characterized in that in a first step a substrate of a first material is provided, which is coated with a defined pattern of protrusions of a covering layer. As an example, a patterned coating layer can be applied by first forming an essentially homogeneous coating layer, which is then partially removed by means of lithographic and etching techniques, leaving nanometer sized protrusions in that layer. As a next step, the surface provided with these structures is modified by selectively removing protrusions by means of a micro-device. Such a micro-device can be formed in a similar way to a scanning probe microscope (SPM) tip. The presence or absence of a protrusion may represent a readable data bit information.
According to the method for manipulating a surface structure, one starts from a surface with a first structure of protrusions. The protrusions may be placed to form a pattern that is produced, for example, by lithographic techniques. As an alternative, the structure of protrusions may comprise a different, non-periodic structure of protrusions or even consist of a single protrusion. In a next step, protrusions are removed by applying a pre-defined force.
For the method for structuring a surface or for manipulating a surface structure, the pre-defined force may, according to a special embodiment, be actively influenced by a further parameter next to the protrusion size and the interface materials: The surface may be covered by a fluid other than air, e.g. a liquid, even immersed in a fluid. It has been found that the force for removing a protrusion strongly depends on chemical properties of such a fluid. As a trend, fluids with a high electron and proton donating capacity and fluids with small molecules tend to reduce the force for removing protrusions whereas with large, chemically inert molecules the required force is enhanced. This special embodiment, if applied on a storage device, provides an additional degree of freedom for designing a storage device according to particular needs.
A micro-device for removing protrusions can also be used to probe the structured surface and to read data. More generally, data are usually read by probing the topography of the structure produced according to the invention. If the material of the subs
Baumeister Bettina
Heyderman Laura
Jung Thomas A.
Meyer Ernst
Walter Christoph
Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI)
Phan Trong
Rankin, Hill Porter & Clark LLP
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