Electrical computers and digital data processing systems: input/ – Intrasystem connection – Bus interface architecture
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-28
2004-11-16
Vo, Tim (Department: 2112)
Electrical computers and digital data processing systems: input/
Intrasystem connection
Bus interface architecture
C710S314000, C710S313000, C710S311000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06820161
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an improved data processing system and, more particularly, to methods of managing bus traffic generated by I/O devices.
2. Description of Related Art
With the recent rapid expansion of the Internet as well as the increased use of networked computers by small, as well as large, businesses, the numbers of computers utilized as servers has increased. A server is a computer within a network that is shared by multiple users. A server may be used, for example, as a file server in a small network allowing access to common files to multiple users within a company, or as a web server providing internet content to numerous users who access the information via the Internet.
Because servers may be accessed by numerous users, servers typically include many input/output (I/O) devices to accommodate these users. In many computers, these I/O devices are connected to a central processor and other system resources within the computer via an I/O adapter connected to a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus. The PCI bus is connected to a main system I/O bus via PCI-PCI bridges and PCI host bridges. These bridges include circuitry for placing data from the PCI bus onto the system I/O bus and vice versa. The system I/O bus is shared by numerous I/O adapters to carry data between various system resources, such as, for example, the central processing unit (CPU) or main system memory, and the various I/O devices. However, only one I/O device at a time may utilize the system I/O bus. Therefore, other devices must wait until the system I/O bus is not busy to utilize the system I/O bus.
When data is requested by an I/O device, a PCI to PCI bridge prefetches a certain amount of the requested data to provide for the I/O adapter's buffers. Once this data has been provided to the I/O adapter, the next part of the requested data is prefetched. The amount of data prefetched by the PCI to PCI bridge is fixed and independent of the type of I/O adapter. If the adapter has shallow buffers and the PCI to PCI bridge prefetches more data than the adapter can take in due to insufficient adapter buffer space, then the PCI to PCI bridge is forced to throw away the extra data to avoid coherency issues. Then the adapter may ask for the additional data and the PCI to PCI bridge will have to re-request the data from the PCI Host Bridge (PHB). The PHB may already have the next available piece of data, which it will have to throw away to re-gather the previous data again.
For example, if a PCI to PCI bridge prefetches 512 bytes of data, then the PHB will give the PCI to PCI bridge the 512 bytes of data and then gather another 512 bytes of data in anticipation of a request for the next piece of data. The PCI to PCI bridge gives the data to the adapter, but the adapter only takes 128 bytes because that is the limit of its buffer. The PCI to PCI bridge throws away 384 bytes. The adapter then requests the next 128 bytes of data. The PCI to PCI bridge must then go back to the PHB to request the previous data again. Thus, the PHB has to throw away the next 512 bytes so that it can retrieve the previous data again.
Caching the data in the PCI-PCI Bridge would reduce the amount of fetching data over and over again that generates a great deal of wasted traffic on the system I/O bus thus slowing down the performance of the server. However, current PCI-PCI Bridges can not cache data that it receives from the PCI Host Bridges (PHB) because there are no mechanisms available for the PCI-PCI Bridge to As, determine if the cache data is stale (i.e. system memory has been altered). Thus, any data gathered by a PCI-PCI Bridge must be thrown away after it has been first touched. So, for example, if a PCI-PCI Bridge fetches 512 bytes of data, an adapter only takes 32 bytes of the 512 bytes, and then the adapter requests more of the 512 bytes, the bridge will have to throw out the reset of the 512 bytes of data and refetch it for the next access just in case the data might be stale. The data generally is not stale, but there is currently no mechanism to determine whether the data is stale. This refetching of data causes performance hits (i.e. unnecessary refetching of data and thrashing on the PCI buses). Therefore, a method, system, and apparatus for reducing the amount of traffic on the system I/O bus due to multiple requests of the same data by an I/O adapter would be desirable by caching data in the PCI-PCI bridges.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method, system, and apparatus for providing data to an I/O adapter from a PCI-to-PCI bus bridge. In one embodiment, once the PCI-to-PCI bus bridge receives a request for data from the I/O adapter, the PCI-to-PCI bus bridge determines whether the requested data is contained within a cached memory within the PCI-to-PCI bus bridge. If the data is contained within the cached memory, then the requested data is provided to the I/O adapter from the cached memory. If the requested data is not within the cached memory, the data is fetched from system memory, then cached in the PCI-to-PCI bus bridge, and sent to the requesting I/O adapter. To ensure that the data in the cached memory within the PCI-to-PCI bridge is not stale, 2 signals are received, periodically or aperiodically, by the PCI-to-PCI bridge from a PCI host bridge indicating whether the data contained within the buffers is stale. If the data is stale, then in some embodiments, the contents of all the buffers are cleared, while in other embodiments, only the contents of the buffers containing data that has been indicated to be stale is cleared.
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Holmes Patrick C.R.
McBurney Mark E.
Vo Tim
Yee Duke W.
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