Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-05
2001-12-11
Horlick, Kenneth R. (Department: 1656)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
C514S012200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06329336
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to modified insulinotropic peptides. In particular, this invention relates to modified glucagon like peptides and exendin peptides with long duration of action for the treatment of diabetes and other insulinotropic peptide related diseases, gastrointestinal function and activities associated with glucagon levels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The insulinotropic peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) has been implicated as a possible therapeutic agent for the management of type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as well as related metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Other useful insulinotropic peptides include exendin 3 and exendin 4. While useful, GLP-1, exendin 3 and exendin 4 suffer from limited duration of action associated with short plasma half-lifes in vivo, mainly due to rapid serum clearance and proteolytic degradation. The enzyme responsible for the degradation of GLP-1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, has been identified. Extensive work has been done in attempts to inhibit the peptidase or to modify GLP-1 in such a way that its degradation is slowed down while still maintaining biological activity. Despite these extensive efforts, a long lasting, active GLP-1 has not been produced. As such, the diabetic community has a tremendous need for improved GLP-1, exendin 3 and exendin 4 peptides.
There is thus a need to modify GLP-1, exendin 3, exendin 4 and other insulinotropic peptides to provide longer duration of action in vivo, while maintaining their low toxicity and therapeutic advantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to meet those needs, the present invention is directed to modified insulinotropic peptides (ITPs). This invention relates to novel chemically reactive derivatives of insulinotropic peptides that can react with available functionalities on cellular carriers including mobile blood proteins to form covalent linkages. Specifically, the invention relates to novel chemically reactive derivatives of insulinotropic peptides such as glucagon like peptide (GLP) and exendin 3 and exendin 4 that can react with available functionalities on mobile blood proteins to form covalent linkages. The invention also relates to novel chemically reactive derivatives or analogs of insulinotropic peptides that can react with available functionalities on mobile blood proteins to form covalent linkages.
The present invention relates to modified insulinotropic peptides comprising a reactive group which reacts with amino groups, hydroxyl groups or thiol groups on blood compounds to form stable covalent bonds.
The present invention relates to an insulinotropic hormone comprising a modified fragment of GLP-1 and derivatives thereof, especially GLP-1 (7-36) amide. The invention additionally pertains to the therapeutic uses of such compounds, and especially to the use of modified GLP-1 (7-36) amide for the treatment of maturity onset diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes).
The present invention further relates to modified Exendin 3 and Exendin 4 fragments and therapeutic uses of such compounds.
In particular, the present invention is directed to GLP-1(1-36)-Lys
37
(&egr;-MPA)-NH
2
; GLP-1 (1-36)-Lys
37
(&egr;-AAEA-AEEA-MPA)-NH
2
; GLP-1 (7-36)-Lys
37
(&egr;-MPA)-NH
2
; GLP-1 (7-36)-Lys
37−
(&egr;-AEEA-AEEA-MPA)-NH
2
; D-Ala
2
GLP-1 (7-36)-Lys
37
(&egr;-MPA)-NH
2
; Exendin-4 (1-39)-Lys
40
(&egr;-MPA)-NH
2
; Exendin4 (1-39)-Lys
40
(&egr;-AEEA-AEEA-MPA)-NH
2
; Exendin-3 (1 -39)-Lys
40
(&egr;-MPA)-NH
2
; Exendin-3 (1-39)-Lys
40
(&egr;-AEEA-AEEA-MPA)-NH
2
; Lys
26
(&egr;-MPA)GLP-1(7-36)-NH
2
; GLP-1 (7-36)-EDA-MPA and Exendin-4 (1-39)-EDA-MPA.
The present invention further relates to compositions comprising the derivatives of the insulinotropic peptides and the use of the compositions for treating diabetes in humans.
The invention further pertains to a method for enhancing the expression of insulin which comprises providing to a mammalian pancreatic Beta-type islet cell an effective amount of the modified insulinotropic peptides disclosed above.
The invention further pertains to a method for treating maturity-onset diabetes mellitus which comprises administration of an effective amount of the insulinotropic peptides discussed above to a patient in need of such treatment.
The invention further pertains to the treatment of other insulinotropic peptide related diseases and conditions with the modified insulinotropic peptides of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions:
To ensure a complete understanding of the invention the following definitions are provided:
Insulinotropic Peptides: Insulinotropic peptides (ITPs) are peptides with insulinotropic activity. Insulinotropic peptides stimulate, or cause the stimulation of, the synthesis or expression of the hormone insulin. Such peptides include precursors, analogues, fragments of peptides such as Glucagon-like peptide, exendin 3 and exendin 4 and other peptides with insulinotropic activity.
Glucagon-Like Peptide: Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) and GLP derivatives are intestinal hormones which generally simulate insulin secretion during hyperglycemia, suppresses glucagon secretion, stimulates (pro) insulin biosynthesis and decelerates gastric emptying and acid secretion. Some GLPs and GLP derivatives promote glucose uptake by cells but do not simulate insulin expression as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,008 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Exendin 3 and Exendin 4 Peptides: Exendin 3 and exendin 4 peptides and peptide derivatives are 39 amino acid peptides which are approximately 53% homologons to GLP-1 and have insulinotropic activity.
Reactive Groups: Reactive groups are chemical groups capable of forming a covalent bond. Such reactive agents are coupled or bonded to an insulinotropic peptide of interest to form a modified insulinotropic peptide. Reactive groups will generally be stable in an aqueous environment and will usually be carboxy, phosphoryl, or convenient acyl group, either as an ester or a mixed anhydride, or an imidate, thereby capable of forming a covalent bond with functionalities such as an amino group, a hydroxy or a thiol at the target site on mobile blood components. For the most part, the esters will involve phenolic compounds, or be thiol esters, alkyl esters, phosphate esters, or the like. Reactive groups include succinimidyl and maleimido groups.
Functionalities: Functionalities are groups on blood components to which reactive groups on modified insulinotropic peptides react to form covalent bonds. Functionalities include hydroxyl groups for bonding to ester reactive entities; thiol groups for bonding to malemides and maleimido groups, imidates and thioester groups; amino groups for bonding to carboxy, phosphoryl or acyl groups on reactive entities and carboxyl groups for bonding to amino groups. Such blood components include blood proteins.
Linking Groups: Linking groups are chemical moieties that link or connect reactive groups to ITPs. Linking groups may comprise one or more alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups or amino group substituted by alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, polycyclic groups, aryl groups, polyaryl groups, substituted aryl groups, heterocyclic groups, and substituted heterocyclic groups. Linking groups may also comprise poly ethoxy aminoacids such as AEA ((2-amino) ethoxy acetic acid) or a preferred linking group AEEA ([2-(2-amino)ethoxy)]ethoxy acetic acid).
Blood Components: Blood components may be either fixed or mobile. Fixed blood components are non-mobile blood components and include tissues, membrane receptors, interstitial proteins, fibrin proteins, collagens, platelets, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and their associated membrane and membraneous receptors, somatic body cells, skeletal and smooth muscle cells, neuronal components, osteocytes and osteoclasts and all body tissues especially those associated with the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Mobile blood components are blood components that do not have a
Bridon Dominique P.
Ezrin Alan M.
Holmes Darren L.
L'Archeveque Benoit
Leblanc Anouk
ConjuChem Inc.
Horlick Kenneth R.
Morrison & Foerster / LLP
Strzelecka Teresa
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