Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Cosmetic – antiperspirant – dentifrice
Reexamination Certificate
1997-06-04
2001-02-20
Krass, Frederick (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice
C510S130000, C510S131000, C510S138000, C514S975000, C424S404000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06190674
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to mild, rinse-off, personal cleansing compositions which provide enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness. Specifically, the personal cleansing compositions of the invention provide previously unseen residual effectiveness against transient Gram negative bacteria, improved levels of residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria and improved immediate reduction of germs on the skin upon use.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Human health is impacted by many microbial entities. Inoculation by viruses and bacteria cause a wide variety of sicknesses and ailments. Media attention to cases of food poisoning, strep infections, and the like is increasing public awareness of microbial issues.
It is well known that the washing of hard surfaces, food (e.g. fruit or vegetables) and skin, especially the hands, with antimicrobial or non-medicated soap, can remove many viruses and bacteria from the washed surfaces. Removal of the viruses and bacteria is due to the surfactancy of the soap and the mechanical action of the wash procedure. Therefore, it is known and recommended that the people wash frequently to reduce the spread of viruses and bacteria.
Bacteria found on the skin can be divided into two groups: resident and transient bacteria. Resident bacteria are Gram positive bacteria which are established as permanent microcolonies on the surface and outermost layers of the skin and play an important, helpful role in preventing the colonization of other, more harmful bacteria and fungi.
Transient bacteria are bacteria which are not part of the normal resident flora of the skin, but can be deposited when airborne contaminated material lands on the skin or when contaminated material is brought into physical contact with it. Transient bacteria are typically divided into two subclasses: Gram positive and Gram negative. Gram positive bacteria include pathogens such as
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
and
Clostridium botulinum
. Gram negative bacteria include pathogens such as Salmonella,
Escherichia coli
, Klebsiella, Haemophilus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, Proteus and
Shigella dysenteriae
. Gram negative bacteria are generally distinguished from Gram positive by an additional protective cell membrane which generally results in the Gram negative bacteria being less susceptible to topical antibacterial actives.
Antimicrobial cleansing products have been marketed in a variety of forms for some time. Forms include deodorant soaps, hard surface cleaners, and surgical disinfectants. These traditional rinse-off antimicrobial products have been formulated to provide bacteria removal during washing. The antimicrobial soaps have also been shown to provide a residual effectiveness against Gram positive bacteria. By residual effectiveness it is meant that bacteria growth on a surface is controlled for some period of time following the washing/rinsing process. Antimicrobial liquid cleansers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,072, Bissett et al., issued Jul. 11, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,939,284, Degenhardt, issued Jul. 3, 1990 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,820,698, Degenhardt, issued Apr. 11, 1989, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Previously marketed formulations of Head & Shoulders® Dandruff Shampoo, marketed until 1994, comprised anionic surfactants, an antibacterial active and citric acid as a pH adjuster. Head & Shoulders® controlled
Pityrosorum ovate
fungus, which causes dandruff. PCT application WO 92/18100, Keegan et al., published Oct. 29, 1992 (“Keegan”) and PCT application WO 95/32705, Fujiwara et al., published Dec. 7, 1995 (“Fujiwara”) teach liquid skin cleansers comprising mild surfactants, antibacterial agents and acidic compounds to buffer the pH, which provide improved germ hostility. However, the use of the low levels of acid compounds therein, result in compositions which do not deliver the undissociated acid required to provide residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria. This situation is compounded in Keegan and Fujiwara by the preference of mild surfactants, including nonionic surfactants.
Some of these antimicrobial products, especially the hard surface cleaners and surgical disinfectants, utilize high levels of alcohol and/or surfactants which have been shown to dry out and irritate skin tissues. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin, cause little or no irritation, and not leave the skin or hair overly dry after frequent use and preferably should provide a moisturizing benefit to the skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,821, issued to Compeau Jul. 21, 1964 and Irgasan DP 300 (Triclosan®) technical literature from Ciba-Giegy, Inc., “Basic Formulation for Hand Disinfection 89/42/01” set forth antibacterial skin cleansers compositions which could provide residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria using certain anionic surfactants, antimicrobial actives and acids. However, the selection, therein, of highly active surfactants results in personal cleansing compositions which are drying and harsh to the skin.
Given the severe health impacts of Gram negative bacteria like Salmonella,
Escherichia coli
and Shigella, it would be highly desirable to formulate antimicrobial cleansing compositions which provide residual effectiveness versus these Gram negative bacteria and which are mild to the skin. Existing consumer products have been unable to achieve both Gram negative residual effectiveness and mildness.
Applicants have found that rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions which provide such mildness and such residual effectiveness versus Gram negative bacteria can be formulated by using known antimicrobial actives in combination with specific organic and/or inorganic acids as proton donating agents, and specific anionic surfactants, all of which are deposited on the skin. The deposited proton donating agent and anionic surfactant enhance the selected active, to provide a new level of hostility to bacteria contacting the skin.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing composition comprising from about 0.1% to about 5% of an antibacterial active; from about 8% to about 18% of anionic surfactant; from about 2% to about 12% of a proton donating agent; from about 1% to about 20% of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent; from about 0.1% to about 4% of a stabilizer and from about 38% to about 88.8% of water. At least about 67% of the anionic surfactant comprises a mixture of Class A and Class C surfactants, wherein the weight ratio of Class A surfactants to Class C surfactants ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:2. The compositions of the present invention have a pH of from about 3.5 to about 4.5.
The present invention also relates to methods for cleansing and for decreasing the spread of transient Gram negative bacteria using the rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The rinse-off antimicrobial cleansing compositions of the present invention are highly efficacious for cleansing surfaces, especially the skin, provide a residual antimicrobial effectiveness versus transient Gram negative bacteria and are mild to the skin.
The term “rinse-off” is used herein to mean that the compositions of the present invention are used in a context whereby the composition is ultimately rinsed or washed from the treated surface, (e.g., skin or hard surfaces) either after or during the application of the product.
The term “antimicrobial cleansing composition” as used herein means a composition suitable for application to a surface for the purpose of removing dirt, oil and the like which additionally controls the growth and colonization of transient Gram negative bacteria. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are cleansing compositions suitable for use on the human skin.
The compositions of the present invention can also be useful for treatment of acne. As used herein “treating acne” means preventing, retarding and/or arresting the process of acne formation in mammalian skin.
The compositions of t
Baier Kathleen Grieshop
Bakken Theresa Anne
Bartolo Robert Gregory
Beerse Peter William
Morgan Jeffrey Michael
Jague Donna
Krass Frederick
Murphy Stephen T.
Procter & Gamble Company
Rosnell Tara M.
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