Image analysis – Image compression or coding – Predictive coding
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-15
2003-08-26
Couso, Jose L. (Department: 2621)
Image analysis
Image compression or coding
Predictive coding
Reexamination Certificate
active
06611625
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a scalable binary shape encoding/decoding method, and more particularly, to a generalized scan interleaving-based encoding/decoding method using context values of neighboring pixels and an apparatus therefor, and to a linear down/up-sampling apparatus used in the encoding/decoding apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional scan interleaving-based encoding methods using context values of neighboring pixels have a limitation in that only a lower layer which is half the length of, and half the width of a current layer can be used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To solve the above problem, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a generalized scan interleaving-based encoding/decoding method, which uses context values of neighboring pixels and can use a lower layer which is scaled-down in an arbitrary ratio.
To solve the above problem, it is another objective of the present invention to provide a generalized scan interleaving-based encoding/decoding apparatus, which uses context values of neighboring pixels and can use a lower layer which is scaled-down in an arbitrary ratio.
To solve the above problem, it is still another objective of the present invention to provide a linear down/up-sampling apparatus used in the above encoding/decoding apparatus.
To accomplish the above object of the present invention, there is provided a generalized scan interleaving-based encoding method using context values of neighboring pixels, for encoding pixels which were not sampled during down-sampling, after down-sampling pixels of a current layer in the sampling ratio of m
in the vertical direction and m′
′ in the horizontal direction when input shape information are pixels of the current layer, in which m, n and m′, n′ are arbitrary integers (zero is forbidden), and m<=n and m′<=n′, the scan interleaving-based method having the steps of (a) forming a bit stream of a base layer by. encoding, through a predetermined encoding method, the base layer pixels which were down-sampled from the current layer pixels through 2
K
down-sampling and residual down-sampling in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, respectively, in which the exponent K satisfies. K=0, 1, 2, . . . ; (b) dividing the current layer pixels into units of a predetermined block; (c) forming bit streams for all blocks of the current layer, by sequentially carrying out forming steps for pixels forming each block of the current layer, the forming steps having the steps of (c1) encoding pixels, which were not sampled when vertical-direction 2
L
down-sampling was L-times recursively carried out in the step (a), using context values of neighboring pixels, in which L is the largest integer less than or equal to log
2
(n/m), (c2) encoding pixels, which were not sampled during residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m2
L
)
] in the vertical direction, using context values of neighboring pixels, (c3) encoding pixels, which were not sampled when horizontal-direction 2
K
down-sampling was K-times recursively carried out in the step (a), using context values of neighboring pixels, in which K is the largest integer less than or equal to log
2
(n′/m′), (c4) encoding pixels, which were not sampled during residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m′2
K
)
′] in the horizontal direction in the step (a), using context values of neighboring pixels, (c5) forming blocks of encoded bit streams by the block by arraying the bit streams encoded in the steps (c1), (c2), (c3), and (c4) in the order of steps (c4), (c3), (c2) and (c1); and (D) forming scalable bit streams by arraying bit streams of the current layer after the bit streams of the base layer.
Preferably, in the scan interleaving-based encoding method, the vertical-direction 2
L
down-sampling is for sampling even numbered lines in the lines of pixels; the horizontal-direction 2
K
down-sampling is for sampling even numbered columns in the columns of pixels; the residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m2
L
)
] in the vertical direction is for sampling m2
L
lines of n lines of pixels so that lines which are not sampled are allocated evenly and after the lines the sampled lines are located; and the residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m′2
K
)
′] in the horizontal direction is for sampling m′2
K
columns of every n′ columns of pixels so that columns which are not sampled are allocated evenly and after the columns the sampled columns are located.
Preferably in the scan interleaving-based encoding method, the vertical-direction 2
L
down-sampling is for sampling odd numbered lines in the lines of pixels; the horizontal-direction 2
K
down-sampling is for sampling odd numbered columns in the columns of pixels; the residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m2
L
)
] in the vertical direction is for sampling m2
L
lines of every n lines of pixels so that lines which are not sampled are allocated evenly and before the lines the sampled lines are located; and, the residual down-sampling in the ratio of [(m′2
K
)
′] in horizontal direction is to sample m′2
K
columns per n′ columns in the columns of pixels so that columns which are not sampled are allocated evenly and before the columns sampled columns are located.
It is preferred that, before the step (c1), the scan interleaving-based encoding method further has a step of performing binary arithmetic encoding of block encoding types after determining the block encoding types by determining an Exceptional Sample Data Block (ESD-B) in which, in pixel encoding through horizontal-direction scanning for each pixel to be decoded, excluding pixels of the base layer, in pixels forming the blocks, there exist one or more exceptional pixels that is not the same as one of a reference pixel which is located nearest to and above the current pixel to be decoded and a reference pixel which is located nearest to and below the current pixel when the reference pixels are the same, or, in pixel encoding through vertical-direction scanning, there exists one, or more pixels that is not the same as one of a reference pixel which located nearest to and to the left of the current pixel and a reference pixel which is located nearest to and to the right of the current pixel when the reference pixels are the same, or otherwise determining the Transitional Sample Data Block (TSD-B), in which the binary arithmetic encoded block encoding type is located in the front of the bit stream encoded by the block formed in the step (c5).
Preferably in the scan interleaving-based encoding method, the generalized scan interleaving-based encoding using context values of neighboring pixels is for performing arithmetic encoding of all pixels to be decoded in the block using neighboring pixels if the block encoding type is an exceptional block; and if the block encoding type is a transitional block, the generalized scan interleaving-based encoding using context values of neighboring pixels is not encoding Predictive Sample Data (PSD) pixels, each of which, in pixel encoding through horizontal direction generalized scanning for each pixel to be decoded in the block, is the same as both a reference pixel which is located nearest to and above the current pixel to be decoded and a reference pixel which is located nearest to and below the current pixel when the reference pixels are the same, or, each of which, in pixel encoding through vertical direction generalized scanning for each pixel to be decoded in the block, is the same as both a reference pixel which is located nearest to and to the left of the current pixel and a reference pixel which is located nearest to and to the right of the current pixel when the reference pixels are the same, and, for otherwise pixels, that is, TSD pixels, the generalized scan interleaving-based encoding is to perform arithmetic encoding of TSD pixel
Cho Dae-sung
Kim Dong-ju
Seo Yang-seock
Shin Jae-seob
Son Se-hoon
Burns Doane Swecker & Mathis L.L.P.
Couso Jose L.
Samsung Electronics Co,. Ltd.
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