Compositions – Compositions containing a single chemical reactant or plural... – Organic reactant
Patent
1990-12-03
1992-08-18
Lieberman, Paul
Compositions
Compositions containing a single chemical reactant or plural...
Organic reactant
25217425, 252367, 252368, 25217424, 252133, C11D 900
Patent
active
051396939
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a granular adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity for liquid to pasty ingredients of detergents and cleaning preparations, more particularly liquid nonionic surfactants or nonionic surfactants that melt on heating, which is eminently suitable for use in phosphate-free or low-phosphate detergents and cleaning preparations. It shows considerably improved flushing properties, i.e. does not leave any undissolved residues in the dispensing compartments of automatic washing machines, and in addition improves the flushing properties of detergent mixtures in such dispensing compartments.
Nonionic surfactants are known to have very high detergent power which makes them particularly suitable for use in cold detergents or 60.degree. C.-detergents. However, in the conventional production of detergents by spray drying, their percentage content cannot be increased significantly beyond 8 to 10% by weight because otherwise excessive pluming occurs in the exhaust air of the spray drying towers and the spray-dried powder is left with inadequate flow properties. Accordingly, processes have been developed in which the liquid or molten nonionic surfactant is applied to the previously spray-dried powder by mixing or is sprayed onto a carrier substance. Loose, more particularly spray-dried phosphates, borates or perborate, sodium alumosilicate (zeolite), silicon dioxide (Aerosil) or salt mixtures specifically prepared in advance, for example of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, have been proposed as carrier substances, but unfortunately all known adsorbents certain disadvantages. Phosphates are often undesirable on account of their eutrophicating properties. Borates of rather perborates have only a limited adsorption capacity for liquids. The same also applies to finely powdered zeolites, whereas special adsorbents, such as kieselguhr and Aerosil, as inert constituents make no contribution to the detergent effect.
Absorbent carrier granules which consist of several components and which are generally produced by spray drying are known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,327, U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,098 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,838,027 and from U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,722 (DE 27 42 683). However these carrier granules, which were developed in particular for the adsorption of nonionic surfactants, contain considerable quantities of phosphates which restricts their potential applications. Phosphate-free carrier granules are known from DE 32 06 265. They consist of 25 to 52% sodium carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, 10 to 50% zeolite, 0 to 18% sodium carbonate and 1 to 20% bentonite or 0.05 to 2% polyacrylate. However, the high percentage content of carbonate promotes the formation of calcium carbonate in hard water and, hence, the formation of incrustations on textile fibers and on the heating elements of washing machines. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the carrier granules mentioned above is limited. With percentage contents of more than 25% by weight liquid or tacky nonionic surfactants applied by mixing, the flow properties of the products deteriorate considerably and, above 30% by weight, are unsatisfactory.
EP 184 794 (U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,290) describes a granular adsorbent which is capable adsorbing large percentage contents of liquid to pasty detergent ingredients, more particularly nonionic surfactants, and (based on anhydrous substance) contains 60 to 80% by weight zeolite, 0.1 to 8% by weight sodium silicate, 3 to 15% by weight homo- or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or maleic acid, 8 to 18% by weight water and, optionally, up to 5% by weight nonionic surfactants and can be obtained by spray drying. In practice, it has been found that, in washing machines having poorly designed dispensing compartments, the products do not dissolve completely during the flushing phase and leave residues behind. This impaired flushing behavior not only is shown by the particles in question themselves, it can also affect the solubility or rather the flushing behavior of the other powder-form
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Pioch Lothar
Vogt Guenther
Wilms Elmar
DiNunzio Mary C.
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Lieberman Paul
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