Measuring and testing – Gas analysis – Detector detail
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-23
2001-03-20
Larkin, Daniel S. (Department: 2856)
Measuring and testing
Gas analysis
Detector detail
C073S023310, C073S025050, C073S031020
Reexamination Certificate
active
06202472
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to a gas sensor with a flashback barrier permeable to the gas to be measured between the measuring space and the environment in the otherwise gas-impermeable housing of the gas sensor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Gas sensors are based on different principles of action, which are used predominantly depending on the intended use. An exemplary, special application of certain gas sensors is the measurement of the concentration of inflammable or explosive gases in mixtures with air, e.g., of methane in air. A gas concentration to be detected is measured here in a measuring chamber, into which the air-gas mixture to be measured flows due to diffusion or into which it is delivered by means of a pump, by means of the gas sensor measuring elements proper, i.e., with elements to which electric current is applied, such as pellistors, optoelectronic, or semiconductor elements. In the case of the pellistors, one of the two measuring elements is catalytically prepared, while the second measuring element does not have this catalytic preparation. The behavior of the change in the resistance of the catalytically prepared measuring element compared with the second one, which behavior is characteristic of the gas to be detected, can be evaluated by means of prior-art resistance-measuring bridges.
A gas sensor for combustible gases with electrically heatable measuring elements and corresponding resistance-measuring bridges has become known from DE 15 98 578 C3, wherein, e.g., a very fine-mesh screen or a plate provided with very narrow perforations is provided as an ignition barrier in front of the measuring chamber.
Such ignition barriers or flashback barriers are of utmost significance in the gas sensors being described in order to reliably prevent the gas to be detected, which is being burned in the measuring chamber under controlled conditions, from igniting the gas present in the mixture outside the measuring chamber, i.e., for instance, methane in air.
In the case of the use of infrared optical (optoelectronic) elements, it is desirable to have an effective flashback barrier between the measurement space in the gas sensor and the ambient atmosphere. Corresponding gas sensors with flashback barriers are therefore called explosion-proof
SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to propose a gas sensor with an improved flashback barrier, which can be obtained in a high, uniform quality from available combinations of materials.
According to the invention, a gas sensor with a flashback barrier permeable to the gas to be measured is provided between the measuring space and the environment in the otherwise gas-impermeable housing of the gas sensor. The flashback barrier includes a plurality of flexurally rigid fabric layers permeable to the gas to be measured. The layers have an overall thickness of one to ten mm with an overall porosity of at least twenty percent by volume relative to the volume of the flashback barrier. The layers have a one percent maximum number of all pores with a pore size larger than 240 &mgr;m.
The essential advantages of the present invention relate to the improved, shorter response time as well as the higher measuring sensitivity of the gas sensors equipped with the flashback barriers of the invention as compared with the otherwise identical gas sensors, which are provided with flashback barriers made of sintered metal, which have been used to date.
It was thus possible to increase the measuring sensitivity by nearly forty percent and to reduce the response time by more than half in a gas sensor according to the present invention, always compared with an identical gas sensor with a flashback barrier made of sintered metal.
Retrospectively, the improved action of the present invention can probably be explained by the fact that sintered metal barriers for gas sensors can assume the required dual function, namely, the ventilating function, on the one hand, and a reliable flashback barrier function, on the other hand, only at the expense of safety. Relatively long response times and lower signal levels of the gas sensors can be observed with the prior-art solution for the flashback barrier made of sintered metals.
The reduced safety for the flashback barrier made of sintered metals is explained by the fact that the manufacture of sintered compacts and especially the distribution of the pore sizes, which is associated with this and is important in this connection, are subject to relatively great manufacturing tolerances. The maximum allowable pore sizes are rather limited in practice and the ventilating function is relatively suppressed as a result in favor of the flashback barrier function. The consequence is longer response times and reduced signal levels of the prior-art gas sensors.
The essential content of the technical teaching according to the present invention is the arrangement of a plurality of individual, flexurally rigid fabric layers made especially of metals for a flashback barrier for explosion-proof gas sensors, which are permeable to the gas to be measured. The suitable metals include steel, CrNi alloys, pure nickel, MONEL (i.e., an alloy of nickel, copper, iron, and manganese) copper, Al alloys, titanium, or precious metals, individually or combined.
Other suitable materials for the fabric layers are glasses, ceramic materials, or even plastics, especially heat-resistant plastics.
The individual fabric layers of a flashback barrier may consist of different materials, but metallic materials are especially preferred.
The individual fabric layers of an arrangement have, in general, different designs in order to obtain an optimal combination of properties. The thickness of a flashback barrier is one to ten mm. The overall porosity of the flashback barrier is at least twenty percent by volume, and preferably thirty to seventy percent by volume relative to the total volume of the flashback barrier. It has, on the whole, a maximum number of one percent of all pores with a pore size larger than 240 &mgr;m. The topmost fabric layer facing the outside may be selected to be relatively coarse in order to protect the subjacent fabric layer which prevents the flashback from mechanical damage, This fabric layer determines the quality of the safety against ignition flashback.
One or more relatively coarsely woven fabric layers are arranged under it, which assume a support function for the entire fabric arrangement. The latter, lowermost fabric layers are provided with relatively larger openings (pore or mesh sizes) compared with the first, topmost fabric layers. The individual fabric layers arranged one on top of another are preferably assembled by pressing or sintering, i.e., under the action of pressure and heat, or are formed in the form of a laminate. The thickness of the flashback barrier and consequently the diffusion path for the gas to be detected is preferably a few mm, especially one to five mm.
The gas sensors according to the present invention contain the gas-permeable flashback barriers for limiting the measuring space from the ambient atmosphere such that the connection to the otherwise gas-impermeable sensor housing takes place in the edge area without a gap. Electric welding is preferably employed for connection in the case of preferred metal housings, and the flashback barrier is preferably fused into the plastic housing in the case of plastic housings. Additional prior-art connection techniques well known to the person skilled in the art may conceivably be used.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3476517 (1969-11-01), Smith
patent: 3950980 (1976-04-01), Braun et al.
patent: 398
Bahs Hans-Jürgen
Wezurek Horst
Drager Sicherheitstechnik GmbH
Larkin Daniel S.
McGlew and Tuttle , P.C.
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