Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Basic ingredient is starch based batter – dough product – etc.
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-23
2002-01-22
Bhat, Nina (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Basic ingredient is starch based batter, dough product, etc.
C426S560000, C426S465000, C426S455000, C426S496000, C426S512000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06340492
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to preformed, rehydratable, dried food products suited for pan-frying and a process for their production.
2. The Related Art
The food products according to the invention are shaped compositions which are prepared to be ready to eat by pan-frying. When prepared fresh, a shapeable dough is produced by mixing and kneading directly from the raw materials to be processed with the addition of a liquid component. For simpler production, portioned dry premixes are on the market in which premixes of all of the raw materials are already present and mixed, to which only a liquid component such as water or liquid egg needs to be further added, but which must then be kneaded to give a shapeable wet dough. There exist preformed food products which are marketed deep-frozen in the raw or already prefried state. Film-packaged polenta slices are known which are marketed in a type of sausage film as a wet dough for further thermal treatment.
It would be more consumer friendly to use preformed, dried food products which, by softening in cold or tepid water, may be rehydrated in a short time without problems and substantially retaining the shape to form a wet dough which can be fried in the pan. A swelling time of 5-15 minutes should be sufficient in this case, and exceeding the recommended swelling time should not lead to any quality impairment.
WO 95/04475 discloses a floating soup garnish and a process for its production, in which a dough is firstly produced from cereals, fat and proteins, this dough is sliced thinly and heated at 80-160° C. under a pressure of 60-150 bar to obtain a product having a thickness of 1.5-5.0 mm and a specific gravity of 150-500 g/l.
In contrast, prototypes of the products according to the invention are semolina slices, polenta slices, falafel, rice products and potato products, but also meat burgers and vegetable burgers, and also those products which are suitable as desserts. These products generally have a thickness of 8-50 mm, preferably 10-30 mm.
DE 196 28 537-A1 discloses products which may be fried, consisting of a mixture of a natural binder e.g. starch, pretreated grains and herbs, which mixture, optionally by addition of water, is formed into the desired shape and fried. The object is to provide a healthy, natural foodstuff which object is mainly solved by the incorporation of the cereal grains. The shaped mixture may be stored or deep-frozen before it is fried. Drying is suggested only when the products are to be consumed as chips or crackers. Drying of such products with subsequent pan-frying would not be possible because such products could not be rehydrated satisfactorily.
FR 2534780-A2 discloses a composition comprising minced meat, semolina and a component rich in proteins, e.g. soya, which composition can be pan-fried to yield hamburgers. Such a composition could not be dried to yield products which could be easily rehydrated.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,660 describes the preparation of hash brown potato patties from fresh potato shreds and a dry binder. The dry binder is hydrated and dispersed within the shreds forming an essentially continuous film around the periphery of the patty. This film impedes a simple air-drying of the products and makes their rehydration difficult.
Although it is known from Food Technology (1977) 31(11) 24 ff that textured soy protein improves the quality of freeze-dried beef patties, also their water-uptake after freeze-drying is improved, however with decreasing sensory acceptability.
It is an object of the present invention to provide food products suitable for frying which can be easily dried, preferably by simple air-drying, which can be effectively and quickly rehydrated in cold or tepid water maintaining its form despite of increasing in volume, and not undergoing sensory changes due to processing conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The preformed, rehydratable, dried products according to the invention essentially consist of a dimensionally stable homogeneous composition of 50-70% by weight, preferably 55-65% by weight, of grits, 5-25% by weight, preferably 10-20% by weight, of fat and 5-20% by weight, preferably 8-15% by weight, of coagulated protein, in addition to salt, spices and other optional additives such as, for example, sugar, egg yolk, maltodextrin etc. They should have a density of at least 0.6 g/cm
3
so that during the rehydration in water they do not, at any rate at the start, float on the surface, which would lead to a non-uniform rehydration.
The process according to the invention for the production of the preshaped, rehydratable, dried products is characterized in that the varietally specific raw materials comprising 50-70% by weight, preferably 55-65% by weight, grits, 5-25% by weight, preferably 10-20% by weight, liquefied fat, 5-20% by weight, preferably 8-15% by weight, coaguable protein and a raising agent as well as salt, spices and other optional additives are mixed to form a dry mix, whereafter with addition of a liquid a plastic sliceable wet dough is prepared by mixing and kneading, which wet dough is portioned and converted into the desired form of the products, these dough pieces are, to develop a protein coagulate framework, subjected to a thermal treatment at temperatures of 90-160° C., preferably 100-150° C., for 8-30 minutes, preferably 12-25 minutes and the dough pieces thus treated are then dried to a residual water content of 4-10% by weight, preferably 6-8% by weight. The process conditions should be adapted in such a manner that the dried product has a density of at least 0.6 g/cm
3
, that is, for example, 0.8-1.2 g/cm
3
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Firstly, a dry mix is produced from the varietally specific raw materials (such as wheat, maize, chickpeas, beans, dried potatoes and/or bread portions) which are ground to grits or are present in flakes, to which dry mix coagulable protein and animal or hardened vegetable fats are added.
To develop the desired texture a chemical raising agent should be added to the dry mix, for example baking powder, in an effective amount, that is in an order of magnitude of 2-5% by weight based on the dry mix.
The fat is expediently added in liquefied form, more precisely, as far as possible, not until the end after the other components. This achieves a more or less thick fat coating of the other constituents, in particular the grits, as a result of which the swelling behaviour of these constituents can be controlled. Thus the raising agent, for example, can be protected by the fat component until its activation in the thermal treatment.
A chief constituent of the mix is the grits. It is important to use the grits in a suitable particle size. This is generally within a range of 0.1-2.0 mm.
A further essential property of the grits is their swelling behaviour. A reference point taken is the guide swelling value of wheat semolina (untreated), that is to say that the other grit-like raw materials should correspond within a certain range to the cold swelling values of wheat semolina. Advantageously, grits are used which absorb 1-2.5 parts by weight of cold water per part by weight of grits. Particularly preferably, preswollen steamed grits (couscous) are used. When these are used wet, later they only need to be heated slightly and this avoids crack formation due to swelling stabilization.
Via the grain size spectrum of the grits and a more or less thick fat coating, the desired swelling behaviour can be regulated. For grits having relatively high swelling values, a coarser grit grain size must be provided, or the grits must be fat-coated before the dough processing.
For grits having relatively small swelling values, fine-grain granules can also be used, and the fat-treatment of the grits can be reduced. The following reference values generally apply to products customary in trade.
Raw material
Grain size
Cold swelling
Special features
Durum coarse
0.250-
1 Pt/1.3 Pt
native, raw
semolina
1.000 mm
(water)
Polenta
0.100-
1 Pt/1 Pt
native, raw
0.500 mm
(water)
Potato grits
Klukowski Horst
Vermeiden Peter
Bestfoods
Bhat Nina
Norris & McLaughlin & Marcus
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