Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Fat or oil is basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion...
Patent
1996-03-05
1998-06-23
Yee, Deborah
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Fat or oil is basic ingredient other than butter in emulsion...
426601, 426609, 426 98, 426 99, A23K 118, A23K 120
Patent
active
057702535
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a fodder containing lipides having a low melting temperature, particularly a fodder for aquatic organisms, and a method for making such a fodder.
Fodder for aquatic organisms such as e.g. fish, is to contain energy, micronutrients and proteins in a proportion varying from species to species. It has been found that salmonids needs a fodder relatively rich on energy. Energy may come from proteins, lipides and hydrocarbons, but lipids are preferred both with regard to nutrition and with regard to fodder economy.
In order to achieve a fodder having a combination of lipides and proteins giving good growth, having the lowest possible raw material price as well as the desired physical properties such as e.g. low sinking speed in water, liquid lipides are supplied to a dry, porous pellet. The lipides are absorbed and kept in the pores of the pellet.
Marine oils have been found to be nutritional favourable. The ordinarily used oils are liquid at normal ambient temperature. Oils leaks out from the pores, and the leakage increases with temperature. The nutritional value is reduced and at the same time, the oil both pollutes and can cause feeding equipment and other farm equipment to malfunction. Leakage of oil may appear even In the manufacturing process and is, thus, also a disadvantage for the feed producer.
Recently, there has been a development towards increasingly more lipid-rich fodder for salmonids. Leakage of oil restricts the amount of lipid having a low melting temperature that the fodder can contain, and this fact has restrained the product development in the field in question. How much oil a pellet can hold depends primarily on the porosity, the nature of the oil and the ambient temperature.
In order to be capable of using the preferred marine oils having a low melting point, the fodder producers have taken several measures in order to prevent leakage. One approach has been to try various solid materials in order to improve the structure and porosity of the dry pellet, thus increasing the ability to absorb oil. The addition of oil has been tried at various stages in the production process, and the production equipment has been modified. Also a thickener such as lecithin has been added the oil. Up to now, none of these measures have reduced leakage of oil to an acceptable level, while still maintaining important fodder properties such as taste, nutritious value and digestibility.
The object of the invention is to provide a fodder containing lipides having a low melting point, at the same time reducing the risk for leakage. Also, an further objective is to provide a method for making such a fodder.
The objectives are achieved through features as defined in the following claims.
In the following, the invention is firstly described in general, and then through three embodiments.
The main principle of the invention is related to the fact that lipides which have a low melting point, i.e. in the form of an oil, are bound in a crystalline structure formed upon the addition of an additive component of lipid nature, and which normally has a higher melting temperature than the oil.
The crystalline structure is stable at temperatures above the normal use and storage temperature of the fodder. The additive+oil is applied in a liquid state at elevated temperature to porous pellets and, following cooling, the crystalized mixture stays, as well demonstrated, within pores in the pellets, but in a solid or jelly-like form. Experiments have shown that lipids having a melting point above fifty degrees Celcius and containg more than five percent fatty acids having twenty carbon atoms or more, are well suited to function as the additive component. Also, good results have been achieved with mono- and di-glyceride emulsifiers, as well as tri- glyceride.
Lipides having a lower melting point remain liquid within the crystalline structure, but it is assumed that a portion of these lipides are included in the crystalline structure as well. Provided that the additive component forms a crystalline structure ca
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Ladstein Kirsti
Thorsen Fred
Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre AS
Yee Deborah
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