Furnaces – Process – Incinerating refuse
Patent
1998-04-27
2000-05-30
Lazarus, Ira S.
Furnaces
Process
Incinerating refuse
110347, 110342, 110344, 110109, 110234, 110229, 481983, 48197R, 48DIG4, F23G 512
Patent
active
060679158
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The disposal of waste has become an increasing problem in recent years and the need to convert many forms of waste into energy has become apparent. However, this must be done in an environmentally acceptable manner and at reasonable cost.
2. Description of Related Art
There have been many attempts to convert waste into energy. The most commonly used to date has been incineration. However, this is becoming increasingly unacceptable on account of emissions and public reaction.
Potentially the most acceptable means of conversion of waste into energy is that by pyrolysis and gasification leading to the production of a fuel gas which is preferably oxidised whilst it is still hot to release the energy. Alternatively, the pyrogas may be condensed to yield a complex hydrocarbon oil and gas which may be burnt. However this is difficult within environmental constraints and the immediate combustion of the fuel gas is preferred.
Many of the pyrolysis and gasification systems which are used at present, or which have been proposed for use, employ rotational or moving conveyors or containers to feed, mix and agitate the waste material which is to be pyrolysed. However, there are many problems, particularly relating to the feeding and sealing of these rotational systems, and one of the purposes of the present invention is to solve these problems in an economic manner and at the same time provide an efficient continuous pyrolysis and gasification process which can be closely controlled. Additionally, the present invention enables effective feeding, mixing and agitation of the waste so that it is subjected to the pyrolysis and gasification process in a uniform manner.
In particular, the invention permits a wide range of waste materials to be continuously pyrolysed and gasified using the thermal reaction to heat the process in an integrated compact installation. The waste heat which is recovered can be used for power generation and the thermal drying of the waste.
In our co-pending U.K. Patent Application No. 9521984.6 there is described a process for the production of heat energy from solid carbonaceous fuels which process comprises subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to substantially anaerobic pyrolysis in at least one first zone and thereafter transferring the char resulting from the pyrolysis to a second zone which is segregated from the first zone or zones, the char being subjected to gasification in the second zone by introduction of primary combustion air, optionally with steam, the off gases from the second zone and the pyrolysis gases from the first zone or zones being thereafter subjected to secondary combustion and the first zone or zones being heated by heat derived from said secondary combustion, ash being removed from the bottom of the second zone. The present invention has particular applicability to such a process and apparatus, and provides a particularly efficient means of feeding carbonaceous fuel materials to the pyrolysis stage of such a process.
As previously mentioned there are problems in providing effective sealing of pyrolysis and gasification apparatus, particularly when involving moving parts, and particularly in the part of the apparatus where the carbonaceous fuel is introduced. Several kinds of mechanical charging arrangements are known involving various kinds of gates, air locks and ramming means. However, the moving parts of such mechanical arrangements tend to be complicated, are prone to both inward and outward gaseous leakage and also to jamming due to accumulation of the carbonaceous material and the pyrolysis products thereof. Moreover, the preferred form of pyrolysis reactor is a tube because this provides one of the most effective means of transferring heat to the material to be pyrolysed. However, in feeding systems involving the forcing of a particulate material into or through a tubular vessel it is found that due to the effect of friction, which is exacerbated for example if the tube is constricted, for example due to accidental d
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Ciric Ljiljana V.
Compact Power Limited
Lazarus Ira S.
LandOfFree
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