Detergent mixtures and detergents or cleaning formulations with

Details Detergent mixtures and detergents or cleaning formulations with Detergent mixtures and detergents or cleaning formulations with

1996-03-25

1997-09-16

Lieberman, Paul

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions

Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing

Solid, shaped macroscopic article or structure

510357, 510358, 510443, 510452, C11D 1706

Patent

active

056681003

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to water-free detergent mixtures containing long-chain and relatively short-chain alkyl sulfates in selected mixing ratios and hydrophobic structure breakers and to the use of these mixtures for the production of solid detergents.
Anionic surfactants, more particularly alkyl sulfates or fatty alcohol sulfates, are important constituents of laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning formulations. In contrast to nonionic surfactants, which exhibit inverse solubility behavior and which, by virtue of hydrogen bridge bonds, show better solubility in cold water than in warm water, anionic surfactants show conventional behavior, i.e. their solubility increases more or less linearly with the temperature until the solubility product is reached. However, for technical applications, for example with regard to dispensing behavior during the washing process, there is a need for anionic surfactants which show adequate solubility even in cold water.
In the past, there has been no shortage of attempts to improve the problem posed by the inadequate solubility of anionic surfactants, more particularly alkyl benzene sulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and .alpha.-methyl ester sulfonates, in cold water. These attempts have mostly been based on two concepts, namely:
Short-chain alkylaryl sulfonates, for example toluene, xylene or cumene sulfonate, are undoubtedly among the most well-known hydrotropes. They are suitable, for example, as solubilizers for anionic and nonionic surfactants in the production of liquid detergents. The improvement in solubility is probably attributable to advantageous mixed micelle formation, cf. the review by H. Stache in Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 71, 381 (1969). However, the improvement in cold water solubility, especially in the case of fatty alcohol sulfates, is normally achieved by adding surfactants with high HLB values, for example highly ethoxylated polyglycol ethers (tallow alcohol.multidot.40 EO adduct) or the like, to them as hydrotropes. Unfortunately, the dissolving rates obtainable in this way, especially in the case of fatty alcohol sulfates, are unsatisfactory for a number of technical applications.
2. Discussion of Related Art
According to the teaching of DE-A-41 24 701 (Henkel), solid detergents of high apparent density and improved solubility are obtained by adding polyethylene glycol ethers with molecular weights in the range from 200 to 12,000 and preferably in the range from 200 to 600 to mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants and then drying the resulting mixtures and/or converting them into solid form. Example 1 discloses a detergent formulation containing C.sub.12-18 fatty alcohol sulfate, C.sub.12-18 fatty alcohol.multidot.5 EO and C.sub.16-18 tallow fatty alcohol.multidot.5 EO adduct and - based on the nonionic surfactants - not less than 45% by weight of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of around 400 which is extruded and granulated after homogenization. However, the dissolving rate of the solid detergents obtained is not always satisfactory. In addition, the presence of the large quantities of polymer required is undesirable.
EP-A-0 208 534 relates generally to spray-dried detergent compositions which, in addition to anionic surfactants, contain nonionic surfactants, polyacrylates and polyethylene glycol ethers with an average molecular weight in the range from 1,000 to 20,000. According to the teaching of this document, the dispersibility of anionic surfactants can be improved by adding nonionic surfactants, polyethylene glycol ethers (PEG) and polyacrylates to them. The only Example describes a mixture containing alkyl benzene sulfonate and fatty alcohol sulfate to which a C.sub.12-13 oxoalcohol.multidot.6.5 EO adduct, sodium polyacrylate and polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of around 8,000 are added. The ratio by weight of nonionic surfactant to PEG is 1:1.
DE-A-21 24 526 relates to foam-regulated detergents and cleaning compositions. Example 6 discl

REFERENCES:
patent: 5415806 (1995-05-01), Pipe et al.
patent: 5478580 (1995-12-01), Swift et al.
patent: 5516447 (1996-05-01), Bauer et al.
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 71, 381 (1969).

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