Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Food or edible as carrier for pharmaceutical
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-29
2004-03-30
Lankford, Jr., Leon B. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Food or edible as carrier for pharmaceutical
C424S520000, C424S535000, C424S725000, C514S002600, C514S023000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06713082
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to a composition comprising carbohydrate and peptide material, which enhance the blood insulin response after oral intake and intended for an enhanced recovery after physical exercise or to delay exhaustion during physical exercise. Further the invention relates to a metabolic nutrient for oral consumption.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
WO 97/39641 discloses an energy supplementation product in the form of a beverage or other nutrient for athletes or other persons in need of an increased glycogen level. This product is characterized by on the one hand a protein hydrolysate having a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 1-50, preferably 15-30 and most preferably about 25 and on the other hand a carbohydrate like glucose, sucrose, maltose or a maltodextrine. In said WO 97/39641 it is stated that the intake of the energy supplementation product causes an increased insulin secretion enhancing the resynthesis of muscle glycogen. The rate of resynthesis of muscle glycogen after exercise is an important factor determining the time needed for recovery of the athlete. This is especially important for athletes involved in intensive exercise on a daily basis. However, it appeared that after exercise of the athlete to exhaustion a protein hydrolysate will not enhance significantly the plasma insulin response upon a carbohydrate load.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a good tasting and refreshing composition that can be taken orally and that stimulates the plasma insulin response. Taken after exercise the resulting enhanced insulin response highly stimulates muscle glycogen synthesis and thus recovery. Furthermore, protein anabolism in skeletal muscles is stimulated. Taken during exercise an enhanced uptake of glucose by the muscles would occur. This aim may be realised by providing a composition comprising carbohydrate and peptide material and an amount of at least one additional free amino acid selected from the group consisting of leucine and phenylalamine.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As indicated above the composition according to the invention comprises carbohydrate and peptide material and at least one of the additional free amino acids leucine and/or phenylalamine, preferably both. Said additional free amino acids are each present in an amount of 0.2-20 wt. %, preferably 1-10 wt. %, calculated on the dry weight of the composition.
Next to the above additional free amino acids it is possible to use the further additional free amino acids arginine and/or glutamine which each may be present in an amount in the range of 0.1-20 wt. % calculated on the dry weight of the composition.
The peptide material can be derived from proteins of animal or plant origin and examples of such proteins are milk proteins, meat proteins, soy proteins, wheat proteins, pea proteins, rice proteins and maize proteins. Preferably the protein raw material is wheat gluten protein or a subfraction thereof such as gliadin. In the present context, the term “peptide material” is understood to indicate a protein hydrolysate and may contain all types of peptides that may vary in length as well as a certain amount of free amino acids resulting from the hydrolysis. The protein raw material is hydrolysed by one or more hydrolytic enzymes. The hydrolytic enzyme can be of animal, plant, yeast, bacterial or fungal origin. Preferably enzyme preparations are used which have a low exo-peptidase activity to minimise the liberation of free amino acids and to improve taste profiles of the protein hydrolysates. The preferred hydrolysed protein material of the present invention has an average peptide chain length in the range of 2-40 amino acid residues and more preferably in the range of 3-20 amino acid residues. The average peptide chain can be determined using the method as described in WO 96/26266. The protein hydrolysates that can be used to prepare a composition as disclosed in the present invention are not limited to ones disclosed in the present invention but include all protein hydrolysates that can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using common techniques as described in the literature and known to those skilled in the art. Further the peptide material is present in an amount of 0.1-50 wt. %, preferably 2-25 wt. %, calculated on dry matter basis of the composition.
The carbohydrate material component of the composition according to the invention is advantageously selected from the group consisting of mono-, di- and polysaccharides like glucose, sucrose, maltose as well as more complex edible carbohydrates such as maltodextrines. Independent on the type of carbohydrate material it is present in an amount in the range of 10-90 wt. %, preferably 50-80 wt. %, calculated on dry matter basis of the composition.
Other optional components of the composition according to the invention are vitamins, minerals, flavours, antioxidants, components having co-enzyme and antioxidant properties, lipids including emulsifiers, and proteins for meeting specific nutritional and/or physiological needs.
The composition according to the invention may have the form of a powder, a beverage or any other food product. A beverage according to the invention can be prepared by dissolving the above-defined ingredients in an appropriate amount of water. Preferably an isotonic drink has been prepared. For drinks, intended to be used during and after exercise it is recommended to have a concentration of the composition according to the invention in the range of 10-15 wt. % calculated on the total weight of the drink.
In view of the complexicity of the processes dealing with the recovery of athletes after (exhaustive) exercise the following is remarked.
Athletes undergoing intense, prolonged training or participating in endurance races (e.g. the marathon) easily catch a cold or flu. This is most probably related to the significant decreased plasma levels of the amino acid glutamine seen during recovery after exercise at exhaustion. A marked increase in numbers of white blood cells occurred immediately after exhaustive exercise, followed by a decrease in the numbers of lymphocytes. The amino acid glutamine is essential for the optimal functioning of a number of tissues in the body, particularly of the immune system and the gut. The provision of oral glutamine after exercise appeared to have a beneficial effect on the level of subsequent infections. In addition, the activity of T-lymphocytes appeared to be increased in samples from those who received glutamine compared with placebo. If recovery between exercise bouts is inadequate, the acute effects of exercise on plasma glutamine level may be cumulative, since overload training has been shown to result in low plasma glutamine levels requiring prolonged recovery. Plasma glutamine level may be useful as an indicator of an overtrained state. As free glutamine is not stable in solution during pasteurisation and during storage, glutamine-containing peptides are the preferred glutamine source. Glutamine containing peptides can be obtained from the hydrolysis of vegetable and animal proteins, a preferred protein source is wheat gluten since this is rich in glutamine. Infections also are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with multiple trauma. Studies in both animals and human beings have suggested that glutamine-enriched nutrition decreases the number of infections. In patients with multiple trauma receiving glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition a low frequency of pneumonia, sepsis, and bacteraemia was seen.
In addition to its direct action on the cells of the immune system, glutamine may indirectly influence the immune system by the preservation of action of the antioxidant glutathione. The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is the major intracellular antioxidant and is essential to normal cell function and replication. Studies over the last decade have demonstrated that glutamine becomes essential during metabolic stress to replete tissue GSH levels which have become depleted. The availability of glutamine appears to be
Hakkaart Marcellinus J.J.
Kunst Anthonie
Saris Withelmus H.M.
Siemensma Andries D.
Van Loon Lucas J.C.
Davis Ruth A.
Fitch Even Tabin & Flannery
Lankford , Jr. Leon B.
Quest International B.V.
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