Fuel and related compositions – Candle composition
Reexamination Certificate
2002-12-12
2004-05-25
Toomer, Cephia D. (Department: 1714)
Fuel and related compositions
Candle composition
Reexamination Certificate
active
06740132
ABSTRACT:
The instant invention pertains to stabilized candle wax compositions and a method for the stabilization of color (dyes or pigments) in candle wax compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Candles have been known for many centuries going back to the eighth century B.C. The nature of candles is described in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Volume A5 at pages 29-30 where it is seen that candles are made from paraffin, beeswax and stearin as basic materials, and where a host of additives may also be present.
It is not surprising that with candles and wax becoming increasingly more important attention was paid as to how to stabilize the said materials. At the National Candle Association Meeting in Houston, 1994, R. van der Vennet presented a paper on “Antioxidants in Wax—Replacement of BHT” touting the use of Vitamin E (tocopherol) as an antioxidant to prevent the yellowing of wax when oxidized. WO 94/13736 describes the same invention.
EP 359,488 A3 and EP 133,964 B1 describe stabilized waxes used in cosmetics where the waxes are the same or similar to those used in candles.
EP 5,922 A1 describes lip cosmetics where the waxes are useful in lipsticks and are related to those useful in candles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,694 describes in detail transparent gel candles both in composition and structure. The use of BHT as an antioxidant is mentioned.
At the National Candle Association Technical Meeting on Apr. 16, 1998, F. A. Ballentine et al., presented a paper entitled “Inhibiting Color Fading of Dyed Candles with CYASORB® Light Absorbers” in which the general theories of thermal oxidation and photodegradation are discussed along with data on the effect of light absorbers on color stability of dyed candle waxes. The light absorbers compared are 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-531; 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone UV-9; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5365; 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-5411 and 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV-2337).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,905 teaches dyed and scented candle gels containing triblock copolymers and a hydrocarbon oil of high flash point. This reference teaches that a light (UV) absorber may be used to improve the shelf stability of the candle color when exposed to visible or ultraviolet light. Two preferred absorbers are ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (PARSOL® MCX, Roche) and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (CYASORB® 5411, Cytec).
WO 00/22037 teaches the stabilization of solid, shaped and colored wax articles, including candles, using a malonate UV absorber which may optionally contain a hindered amine moiety as part of the malonate compound structure. The wax articles are dyed with a variety of oil soluble dyes and pigments. The samples protected by dimethyl p-methoxy-benzylidinemalonate exhibited better resistance to discoloration than did samples stabilized with selected benzotriazole or benzophenone UV absorbers.
Japanese Hei 3-278554 teaches that wax crayons (drawing materials) colored by organic pigments can be stabilized by a hindered amine and/or benzotriazole.
In respect to wax stabilization, the use of selected hindered amines and/or benzotriazole UV absorbers is also known in the prior art as seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,530,084; 4,379,721; 4,616,051; 5,964,905; 6,221,115 and 6,296,674 and in copending application Ser. No. 09/741,583.
French 1,457,966 describes aluminum, boron, titanium, silicon, tin, phosphorus and antimony complexes with selected benzotriazole UV absorbers as light stabilizers for textiles.
French 1,487,752 teaches tin complexes of benzotriazoles, benzophenones and benzoates as useful light stabilizers for synthetic resins such as polypropylene and polyacrylonitrile.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,600,397 and 3,856,727 disclose tin complexes with benzotriazoles for protecting a host of synthetic resins such as polyolefins against degradation by ultraviolet light.
French 1,531,509 teaches tin or silicon complexes of benzotriazoles as stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride).
U.S. Pat. No. 3,149,093 describes improved processability for polypropylene by use of organotin mercaptides, phenolic antioxidants and organic phosphites. There is no mention of protection against ultraviolet irradiation.
B. B. Cooray and G. Scott in European Polymer Journal, 17, 229 (1981) teach the mechanism of antioxidant action and synergism between tin stabilizers and polymer-bound antioxidants in the UV stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride).
U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,432 discloses the stabilization of polypropylene compositions against ultraviolet light by use of benzophenone UV absorbers and various tin compounds.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,451 teaches the stabilization of polypropylene against heat and light degradation by use of a combination of a tin complex of a benzophenone or benzotriazole in concert with a phosphite and phenolic antioxidant.
None of these references teach the superior performance provided when a UV absorber is used in conjunction with a metal compound to stabilize a dyed or pigmented candle wax composition.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide candle wax compositions stabilized with the combination of a UV absorber with a metal compound.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for the stabilization of a dyed or pigmented candle wax composition by the combination of a UV absorber with a metal compound, with or without a hindered amine stabilizer, or with or without an antioxidant.
Another object of the invention is to provide new benzotriazole-metal complex or benzotriazole-metal salt compounds.
DETAILED DISCLOSURE
The instant invention pertains to a stabilized composition which comprises
(a) candle wax and
(b) an effective stabilizing amount of
(i) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the UV absorbers and
(ii) a metal selected from groups 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table;
where the amount of metal present is from about 15 ppb to about 3400 ppm by weight of metal based on the candle wax.
The level of metal present is for example from about 15 ppb to about 3.4 ppm by weight of metal based on the candle wax, for example from about 15 ppb to about 600 ppb by weight of metal based on the candle wax.
The metal of component (ii) is present in the compositions of this invention in any form possible, for example in the form of a UVA-metal complex or a UVA-metal salt, in the form of an organometallic compound such as a metal carboxylate or metal alkoxide, or in the form of a metal salt, or in the form of the pure metal. The levels of metal discussed above are based on metal alone (on the metal itself).
Organometallic complexes or salts such as the present UVA-metal complexes or UVA-metal salts are defined structurally as understood in the art.
The UV absorbers, or ultraviolet light absorbers (UVA's), of component (i) are for example selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole, benzophenone, &agr;-cyanoacrylate, oxanilide, s-triazine, cinnamate, malonate, benzoate, salicylate and benzoxazin-4-one ultraviolet light absorbers.
The terms ppb and ppm are parts per billion and parts per million, respectively.
In another embodiment, the UV absorber of component (i) is a benzotriazole, a benzophenone or an s-triazine.
In still another embodiment, the UV absorber of component (i) is a benzotriazole.
The UV absorbers are well known In the field of stabilization of substrates from degradation caused by exposure to actinic radiation. Examples of UV absorbers which may be used beneficially in candles include the following:
(a) 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;
(b) 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone;
(c) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(d) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzothiazole;
(e) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(f) octyl 3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate;
(g) 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(h) 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole;
(i) 5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t
Hyun James
McCusker Mark
Smith Andrea
Suhadolnik Joseph
Trainor Kevin
Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
Stevenson Tyler A.
Toomer Cephia D.
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