Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Specified terranean relationship – Inclined terrane
Patent
1987-03-04
1990-02-13
Safavi, Michael
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Specified terranean relationship
Inclined terrane
521692, F02D 2702
Patent
active
048995029
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to building operations, namely, to a building or structure erected on a slope.
A most effective field of the herein-disclosed invention is the development of unused or partially used areas to date such as steep slopes at foothills, hills, ranges, ravines, hollows, the banks of rivers, lakes, the shores of seas and oceans. In these areas there may be built recreational facilities, such as sanatoria, rest-homes, holiday hotels, motels, tourist, mountain-skiing and mountain-climbing bases of terrace and terrace-cascade type, dwelling houses of a terrace, terrace-cascade and structural types and other structures of various designation.
The massifs of slopes normally comprise ground beddings heterogeneous by physico-mechanical properties and featuring complex geological and hydro-geological conditions facilitating the activization of soil creep phenomena.
The foregoing conditions are dramatically aggravated in seismic-prone zones, where the utilization of the herein-disclosed invention is especially rational.
The general indicator of development of such areas is a drastic rise in construction costs compared with those on a flat terrain while using traditional structures and existing building methods because of the absence of special building structures and foundations to be erected on steep slopes.
At the same time, in mountainous regions and foothills the areas with a flat terrain are becoming scarce. The lands of these regions and areas are primarily to be used for farming and man's economic activity with observation of the requirements of environmental protection as well as with an eye to solving recreation problems.
The trends of urban development objectively show that an improvement in architectural lay-out and functional properties of buildings with the aim of providing man's natural environment against the backdrop of complex relief may be attained due to the changeover from constructing tall buildings to erecting mostly terrace and terrace-cascade type buildings.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Construction of buildings in areas with a steep relief of the terrain using the existing construction technique involves reforming of the terrain natural landscape because of the necessity of building artificial terraces by undercutting the slope soil with subsequent erection of special slope-holding structures in the form of relieving walls and similar constructions.
The foundation and the building frame made up of vertical and horizontal discs are erected on the thus prepared slope base.
The vertical force from loads of the building is resolved into sloping and normal components. Shear strain grows in the mass of the slope-base due to the sloping component of the load from the building being erected which is directed parallel to the slope generatrix. The relationship between the contour line and the vertical of the terrace depends upon the physico-mechanical characteristics of the slope soils.
Known in the art is the foundation of a building or structure erected on a rocky base; besides, in case of rocky beddings of the slope mass due account is taken of the bed's orientation relative to the dip of the relief. Given non-rock soils of the slope, the slope gradient is most often decreased with the aim of ensuring the stability of the slope-building system, which is associated with a greater volume of earth-moving operations.
The foregoing specifics of the development of slopes complicate the application of industrial methods of building operations.
As was noted above, the greater part of the areas with a steep relief of terrain is located in seismic-prone zones, where the utilization of rational structures of terrace or terrace-cascade type of buildings is limited or ruled out because of unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics of the building structures and eventually low operational reliability of the existing buildings, structures under seismic effects. The stiffness of buildings is usually increased by introducing special vertical structures in the frame which are shaped as
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All-Union Publishing-Printing Corporation, Means of Communication Ministry, M. 1960, pp. 54 and 55.
Altunin Vitaly L.
Barykin Boris J.
Fen Karim P.
Golovko Viktor A.
Lekhno Alexandr M.
Golovnoi Nauchno-Issledovatelsky i Proektny Institut "KrymNIIpro
Safavi Michael
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