Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Beverage or beverage concentrate
Patent
1996-06-28
1998-10-06
Pratt, Helen
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Beverage or beverage concentrate
426 72, 426 74, 426583, 426656, 426804, 426810, A23L 200, A23L 239
Patent
active
058173641
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is related to an energy supply composition particularly suitable for use before, during and after physical exertion.
The object of the invention is to facilitate extended physical exertion by providing energy that is efficiently utilized in mammals. A further object of the invention is to facilitate the accretion of muscle tissue as a result of physical training by sustaining an adequate energy status and permitting rapid build-up of the body's stored energy levels upon rest. A further object is to reduce the loss of water from the body during physical exertion by retaining a high rate of water absorption in the gastrointestinal tract from an energy rich beverage.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Individuals undergoing significant physical exertion, whether for athletic or other purposes increase their nutritional needs substantially in order to maintain the body's energy storage and to develop its muscular capacity. If physical training is not accompanied by a proportional increase in nutritional intake, the muscle glycogen depot is not replenished unless proteins, principally from muscle sources, is broken down into constituent amino acids, chiefly alanine and glutamine, to be used as required energy or converted to glucose.
In the last decades, so called sports beverages have enjoyed an increased use by athletes and others doing exercise. Such beverages have largely been based on sugars, salt, minerals and proteins and fragments thereof. For example, in Dialog Abstract No 02331774 (World Food & Drink Report, Oct. 19, 1989) a sports drink named GatorPro is described including water, glucose, soy protein isolate and soy oil. Various attempts have been made to provide a beverage, based on a sound scientific concept, for athletes and other healthy individuals with a high energy demand, e.g. certain convalescents. However, the demand for improved beverages is still great. By a healthy individual in the context of this invention is intended a human and, as applicable, another mammal individual who is not subject to neither in-patient nor out-patient care for conditions relevant herein by a hospital or a medical or veterinary practitioner. Thus the term excludes patients requiring parenteral, or equivalent enteral, supply of the entire or a very large proportion of the energy, electrolyte, fat or amino acid demand of such patient. On the other hand, the term includes those athletes and convalescents just mentioned and other individuals in a similar physical state, although they may have deficiencies or surplus in their body tissues and liquids as compared to an avarage non-diseased and fit individual.
Normally, physical exertion is accompanied by an increase in food intake, and the energy requirements of the intestine, i.e. the small intestine, for digestion are thus also increased in order to provide active transport of substances into the blood stream and to sustain the turnover in epithelial cells that makes up the luminal lining of the intestine. In situations of substantially increased food intake, the intestinal absorption efficiency (i.e. the supply of energy) may be decreased. Thus, an increased demand for energy must be accompanied by a proportionally even higher food intake to avoid metabolic imbalance.
In contrast to some other tissues, the small intestine's primary energy source is the amino acid glutamine. During a meal, glutamine is mainly obtained directly from the food. Between meals, however, glutamine is transported from the muscles, where it is derived from protein breakdown, to the intestine.
In the healthy individual, glutamine is classified as a non-essential nutrient, that is, the body provides enough glutamine to satisfy the metabolic demand for said amino acid. After physical trauma, whether accidental or intentional (e.g. surgery), some non-essential nutrients seem to become semi-essential in order to preserve physical functions such as nitrogen balance and immune function (Kirk S J and Barbul A, JPEN 14, 226-229, 1990; Ziegler T R et al Clin Nutr
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Gramineer AB
Pratt Helen
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