Electrical computers and digital processing systems: support – Computer power control – Power conservation
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-04
2001-04-24
Auve, Glenn A. (Department: 2181)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: support
Computer power control
Power conservation
C363S037000, C307S043000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06223296
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an automatic switching device for the power supply input range of a monitor connected with a personal computer, and especially to an automatic range switching device of a low loss rapidly restoring power supply commonly used in voltages of 110V and 220V.
According to the statistics, nowadays at least 250,000,000 monitors of personal computers are used. Assume the average power consumption of each monitor is 50V, the total power consumption will be a very great number. Thus many consumer organizations and energy management institutions have called for reducing the power consumption.
In order to be conveniently manufactured and sold, and to prevent the consumer from making a mistake while using, the specifications of the globally used monitors are called “Auto Range”: AC110V±20% and AC220V±20%, or Full Range: AC86V~264V. This wide range of power supply design can't meet the purpose of using the least power of the monitors. The following table lists the power circuits of commercial monitors:
TABLE 1
MAX.
MAX.
Input range
horizontal
Power
of power
Brand
Size
frequency
consumption
supply
OPTIQUEST
17″
69 KHz
80 W
AUTO
V775
TATUNG
17″
94 KHz
105 W
AUTO
17N
APPLE
15″
48 KHz
70 W
FULL
M2943
TATUNG
15″
64 KHz
75 W
FULL
15VHR
NOTE 1: The circuit control of automatic range is shown in
FIG. 1
a.
If the input voltage of the power supply is 110V, the Triac I
801
turns on to make the circuit become a voltage doubler. If the power source is 220V the Triac I
180
cut off, the circuit become bridge rectifier.
NOTE 2: The full range circuit control is shown in
FIG. 1
b.
No matter whether the input voltage of power source is 100V or 220V, the circuit functions as the bridge rectifier.
In the auto range controlling, when the input power source is 110V(i.e. 110V±20% ), the rectifying circuit does the function of a voltage doubler, so that the output voltage is the same as that from a 220V power source (i.e. 220V±20% ). Now referring to
FIG. 1
a,
the voltage value of Vc is in the range of {square root over (2)}×220V×(1±20% )=249V~373V. This value is different from that in the full range, in which VC=124V~373V. When the input voltage of the power source is 100V, the current consumption in the full range is approximately twice that in the auto range. For, example, in the OPTIQUEST V775 with power consumption of 80 W, the former has a current of 1.06 A, while the latter has a current of 0.53 A. However, when the input voltage of the power source is 220V, both have a power consumption of 0.53 A. As shown in Table 2, assuming that the power consumption is 80 W for the two circuits, the specifications of the related components are listed as follows
TABLE 2
Specification
control
Auto range
Full range
circuits
(A)
(B)
Description
Power
Q805 =
Q805 =
When input is 110 V, the
transistor
4A/500 V
8A/500 V
current of B circuit is twice
of that of A Circuit.
Filtering
C809 =
C808 =
Since Cv = it , when 110 V
capacitor
150&mgr;/200 V
300&mgr;/400 V
power input, the voltage of B
C810 =
circuit will be halved, while
150&mgr;/200 V
when i is doubled, then the
voltage of C is four times of
that of A circuit.
output end
D811 =
D811 =
The number of windings in
rectifier
100 V 1A
200 V 1A
the primary terminals of A/B
D812 =
D812 =
circuits are 116 and 231,
200 V 1A
400 V 1A
respectively, while in the
secondary terminal, A/B
circuits has the same winding
numbers. That is in the
primary terminal, the ratio
of winding number A/B is
0.5. When input is 220 V, the
reverse voltage of B circuit is
twice of that of A circuit.
Voltage
1802 =
unnecessary
When input is 110 V, the A
multiplier
10A/500 V
circuit need a voltage
and switch
(STR81145A)
multiplier and switch.
In table II, for the sizes of the parts used in the A and B circuits, the larger the size, the more expensive the cost. Thus the cost is the primary concern in selecting a circuit. After analyzing, it is known that the power consumption is smaller than 80 W, the circuit has an economic cost by using the full range control, and vice versa.
But from the viewpoint of energy saving, no matter whether the control circuit is operated in full range or in auto range, the prior circuit structures are not preferable. Following are the explanations:
For the circuit operating in auto range: referring to
FIG. 2
a,
a voltage multiplying and switch device(I
801
), such as integrated circuit STR80145A. is used. Since a triple directional silicon control rectifier (Triac) is built therein and a voltage decreasing resistor is connected, some loss will occur, as shown in
FIG. 2
b.
For the circuit operating in full range: in the highest efficiency, the voltage is in a middle range between 88V~264V; this range is between the range of the 132V~176V. When the voltage of power supply is closer to an upper limit or a lower limit, the power consumption is larger and the efficiency will become worse.
Table 3 may prove the above description. For example, for a monitor operated in auto range (17 inches monitor), when the power supply is AC110V, the average power consumption is larger than that in of a power supply of AC220V with a value of
66.6
+
67.1
+
97.6
+
94.7
4
W
-
64.5
+
66.3
+
91.4
+
92.2
4
W
=
2.9
W
Also, for a for monitor operated in full range (15 inches monitor) with a lower limit of 88V and an upper limit of 264V, then the average power consumption is larger than that operated in the range of AC132V~AC176V with a value of
61.5
+
63.0
+
59.2
+
59.7
4
W
-
59.8
+
60.0
+
57.6
+
57.7
4
W
=
2.1
W
TABLE 3
Pattern cross hatch; Timing: F
H
= 31.5 KHz; F
V
= 70 Hz
Input power supply voltage
Specification
AC110 V
AC220 V
Max.
Lower
Upper
Lower
Upper
Size
horizontal
limit
limit
limit
limit
Brand
(inch)
freq.
Rectifier
88 V
132 V
176 V
264 V
OPTIQUEST
17″
69 KHz
Auto range
1.097
A
0.769
A
0.554
A
0.369
A
V775
66.6
W
67.1
W
64.5
W
66.3
W
TATUNG
17″
94 KHz
Auto range
1.503
A
1.028
A
0.746
A
0.499
A
17N
97.6
W
94.7
W
91.4
W
92.2
W
APPLE
15″
48 KHz
Full range
1.025
A
0.699
A
0.517
A
0.353
A
M2943
61.5
W
59.8
W
60.0
W
63.0
W
TATUNG
15″
64 KHz
Full range
0.956
A
0.657
A
0.488
A
0.335
A
15VHR
59.2
W
57.6
W
57.7
W
59.7
W
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a low loss and power saving automatic switching device for the input range of the power source of a monitor.
For a monitor, the power consumption of 2~3 W almost may be neglected. However, through calculating, it has been discovered that this power is 17% of the power consumption of a monitor. Then, if the power consumption all over the world are added together, it will be appreciated that the total amount is a very large number. Thus, through a long period of research, the inventor of the present invention has derived the following results:
1. The input of a power source is operated in auto range so that the working point of the transformer is within the range of {square root over (
2
)}×220V(1±20%) for increasing the working efficiency.
2. The Triac within the voltage multiplying, rectifying and switching device are changed to be controlled by the contacts of a relay for dissipating the heat consumption V
F
×I
F
(V
F
is the forward voltage of the Triac in the integrated circuit; I
F
is the forward current of the Triac in the integrated circuit) induced from voltage multiplying and rectifying.
3. The working current of the voltage multiplying and rectifying device is changed so that it is supplied from the secondary terminal of the transformer for decreasing the power consumption generated from the voltage decreasing circuit.
The TATUNG 17N shown in Table 1 is used as an example, in which the TATUNG 17N has been improved by the above three results. The power consumption is listed in Table 4:
TABLE 4
Power
Input
Horizontal
110 V leve
Auve Glenn A.
Bacon & Thomas PLLC
Tatung Co. Ltd.
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