Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Unsaturated compound synthesis – By addition of entire unsaturated molecules – e.g.,...
Patent
1994-08-29
1997-09-30
Caldarola, Glenn A.
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Unsaturated compound synthesis
By addition of entire unsaturated molecules, e.g.,...
585530, 585531, 585532, 585533, C07C 202
Patent
active
056728000
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to the oligomerisation of alkenes and to catalysts used in alkene oligomerisation processes in particular for the production of C.sub.5 to C.sub.15 olefins which may be subsequently subject to hydroformylation for the production of aldehydes and alcohols themselves useful in the production of plasticiser esters, mercaptans and surfactants.
In one form of olefin oligomerisation a solid phosphoric acid catalyst is used as catalyst. A significant amount of cracked products is produced, the phosphoric acid catalyst is not regenerable and its disposal in an environmentally acceptable manner is difficult and expensive.
Zeolite catalysts of many types have been proposed for the conversion of lower molecular weight olefins (that is, olefins having up to twelve carbon atoms) into olefinic hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight. The higher molecular weight olefins may be used in a variety of chemical processes, for example, in the manufacture of fuel oil, synthetic lubricants, alcohols, plasticisers and mercaptans.
International Patent Application WO 89/07586 discloses a process for conversion of a fuel gas containing ethene and propene and a catalytic reformate containing C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons into hydrocarbon products of higher molecular weight. The fuel gas and reformate feedstocks are contacted at elevated temperature and pressure with a zeolite catalyst, which may be of the ZSM-5 type. If ZSM-5 pentasil type crystals are used, the catalyst crystals preferably have a size of from 0.01 to over 2 microns. WO 89/07586 indicates that the zeolites ZSM-22 and ZSM-23 may be used.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,146 discloses a catalyst having a crystalline metallosilicate inner core and an inactive porous shell, which may be used, for example, to catalyse the oligomerisation of lower olefins. Highly siliceous zeolites, including, for example, ZSM-22, may be used. U.S. Pat. No. 4,788,374 similarly discloses an olefin oligomerisation catalyst having a crystalline metallosilicate core and a porous shell.
European Specification 377306 discloses a process in which branched internal olefins are co-oligomerised with alpha-olefins to give a synthetic lube-range product. In a first step, propene is converted by contact with a zeolite catalyst of the ZSM-5 type to a mixture of oligomers. In a number of the Examples a ZSM-23 catalyst that has been prepared in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 4,160,788 is used.
European Specifications 276095, 323032 and 318132 disclose processes for oligomerising light olefins using zeolite catalysts.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,177 discloses the use of ZSM-22 in the organic nitrogen-containing and alkali-metal containing form. That form is apparently obtained by cation exchange of the ZSM-22 with an alkyl- or aryl-ammonium ion. U.S. Pat. No. 4,481,177 also suggests that ZSM-22 may be used to catalyse various chemical reactions, including olefin oligomerisation. There is no Example, however, of any olefin oligomerisation.
European Specification 0299671 discloses the production of high viscosity index lubricating oils by the oligomerisation of lower olefins over ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts by cofeeding small amounts of water with the hydrocarbon stream. The lubricating oils have a boiling point above 343.degree. C. and it is speculated that the presence of the water enhances the intracrystalline acid site polymerisation in preference to surface active site polymerisation leading to the formation of more linear lubricant range hydrocarbons and thus an enhancement in viscosity index.
It has now been found that, unexpectedly, by using in an alkene oligomerisation process an alkene-containing feedstock with a water content of from 0.05 to 0.25 molar %, and preferably of at least 0.06 molar %, based on the hydrocarbon content of the feedstock, the yields of the desired higher molecular weight alkenes can be increased, and the catalyst becomes deactivated more slowly.
The invention provides a process for improving the yield and prolonging catalyst life in oligomerising at least one alkene
REFERENCES:
patent: 4160788 (1979-07-01), Young
patent: 4481177 (1984-11-01), Valyocsik
patent: 4788374 (1988-11-01), Chu et al.
patent: 4831205 (1989-05-01), Krambeck et al.
patent: 4868146 (1989-09-01), Chu et al.
patent: 5043499 (1991-08-01), Haradi et al.
Baes Marleen Augusta
Huybrechts Diane Renata Cornelia
Martens Luc Roger Marc
Mathys Georges Marie Karel
Verduijn Johannes Petrus
Bell Catherine L.
Caldarola Glenn A.
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
Hunt John F.
Mahon John J.
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