Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-06-29
2003-09-23
Shah, Mukund J. (Department: 1624)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C544S410000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06624168
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The development of the tetracycline antibiotics was the direct result of a systematic screening of soil specimens collected from many parts of the world for evidence of microorganisms capable of producing bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic compositions. The first of these novel compounds was introduced in 1948 under the name chlortetracycline. Two years later, oxytetracycline became available. The elucidation of the chemical structure of these compounds confirmed their similarity and furnished the analytical basis for the production of a third member of this group in 1952, tetracycline. A new family of tetracycline compounds, without the ring-attached methyl group present in earlier tetracyclines, was prepared in 1957 and became publicly available in 1967; and minocycline was in use by 1972.
Recently, research efforts have focused on developing new tetracycline antibiotic compositions effective under varying therapeutic conditions and routes of administration. New tetracycline analogues have also been investigated which may prove to be equal to or more effective than the originally introduced tetracycline compounds. Examples include U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,957,980; 3,674,859; 2,980,584; 2,990,331; 3,062,717; 3,557,280; 4,018,889; 4,024,272; 4,126,680; 3,454,697; and 3,165,531. These patents are representative of the range of pharmaceutically active tetracycline and tetracycline analogue compositions.
Historically, soon after their initial development and introduction, the tetracyclines were found to be highly effective pharmacologically against rickettsiae; a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; and the agents responsible for lymphogranuloma venereum, including conjunctivitis, and psittacosis. Hence, tetracyclines became known as “broad spectrum” antibiotics. With the subsequent establishment of their in vitro antimicrobial activity, effectiveness in experimental infections, and pharmacological properties, the tetracyclines as a class rapidly became widely used for therapeutic purposes. However, this widespread use of tetracyclines for both major and minor illnesses and diseases led directly to the emergence of resistance to these antibiotics even among highly susceptible bacterial species both commensal and pathogenic (e.g., pneumococci and Salmonella). The rise of tetracycline-resistant organisms has resulted in a general decline in use of tetracyclines and tetracycline analogue compositions as antibiotics of choice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention pertains, at least in part, to 7-, 8- or 9-substituted tetracycline compounds of the formula:
wherein:
R
4
and R
4′
are each methyl;
R
5
is hydrogen or hydroxyl;
R
6
and R
6′
are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxyl;
R
7
is hydrogen, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, phenyl, halophenyl, acyl, heteroaryl, phenylalkynyl, or dimethylamino; and
R
8
is hydrogen, phenyl, nitrophenyl, halo, or lower alkynyl; and
R
9
is hydrogen, amino, acetamide, or lower alkynyl; and provided that at least one of R
7
, R
8
, or R
9
is not hydrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
In an embodiment, the tetracycline compound of the invention is a tetracycline derivative wherein R
5
is hydrogen, R
6
is methyl, R
6′
is hydroxyl, and R
7
is phenyl.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound of the invention is a doxycycline derivative, wherein R
5
is hydroxyl, R
6
is methyl, and R
6′
is hydrogen. In a further embodiment, the doxycycline derivative comprises R
7
groups such as lower alkenyl (e.g., ethenyl), lower alkynyl (e.g., ethynyl), heteroaryl (e.g., furanyl, dioxenyl, pyrazinyl, or pyridinyl), phenyl, halophenyl or phenylalkynyl. Doxycycline derivatives also may comprise R
8
groups such as hydrogen, halogen (e.g., bromine), lower alkynyl (e.g., ethynyl), phenyl, or nitrophenyl. In certain embodiments, R
7
is ethenyl or ethynyl; and R
8
and R
9
are each hydrogen. In another, R
7
is phenyl, halophenyl or phenylalkynyl; and R
8
and R
9
are each hydrogen. Alternatively, R
7
is hydrogen, R
8
is halo, phenyl, or nitrophenyl, and R
9
is hydrogen. Further, R
7
may be hydrogen, R
8
phenyl, and R
9
amino.
In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound of the invention is a demeclocycline derivative, wherein R
5
is hydrogen, R
6
is hydroxyl, R
6′
is hydrogen, and R
7
is phenyl. In another embodiment, the tetracycline compound of the invention is a minocycline derivative wherein R
5
is hydroxyl, R
6
is hydrogen, R
6′
is hydrogen, R
7
is dimethylamino, and R
9
is lower alkynyl (e.g., ethynyl).
The invention also pertains to a method for treating a tetracycline responsive state in a mammal, by administering to a mammal a compound of formula I. In another aspect, the invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I to treat a tetracycline responsive state. The invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula I, and to the use of a compound of formula I in the manufacture of a medicament to treat a tetracycline responsive state.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention pertains to, at least in part, to 7-, 8- or 9-substituted tetracycline compounds of the formula:
wherein:
R
4
and R
4′
are each methyl;
R
5
is hydrogen or hydroxyl;
R
6
and R
6′
are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxyl;
R
7
is hydrogen, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, phenyl, halophenyl, acyl, phenylalkynyl, heteroaryl, or dimethylamino; and
R
8
is hydrogen, phenyl, nitrophenyl, halo, or lower alkynyl;
and R
9
is hydrogen, amino, acetamide, or lower alkynyl; and provided that at least one of R
7
, R
8
, or R
9
is not hydrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
The term “tetracycline compound” includes compounds with a similar ring structure to tetracycline, such as those included in formula I. Some examples of tetracycline compounds which can be modified include a substituent at position 7, 8 or 9 include tetracycline, demeclocycline, sancycline, and doxycycline; however, other derivatives and analogues comprising a similar ring structure are also included. Table 1 depicts the structure of tetracycline, demeclocycline, sancycline, and doxycycline.
TABLE I
The term “7, 8 or 9-substituted tetracycline compounds” includes tetracycline compounds with at least one substituent at the 7, 8 and/or 9 position, as described in formula I. In an embodiment, the substituted tetracycline compound is substituted tetracycline derivative (e.g., wherein R
4
and R
4′
are methyl, R
5
is hydrogen, R
6
is methyl and R
6′
is hydroxyl); substituted doxycycline derivative (e.g., wherein R
4
and R
4′
are methyl, R
5
is hydroxyl R
6
is methyl and R
6′
is hydrogen); substituted demeclocycline derivative (e.g., R
5
is hydrogen, R
6
is hydroxyl, R
6′
is hydrogen, R
7
is chloro and R
4
and R
4′
are each methyl); or substituted minocycline derivative (wherein R
4
and R
4′
are methyl; R
5
is hydrogen and R
6
and R
6′
are hydrogen atoms).
In an embodiment, the substituted tetracycline compound of the invention is a tetracycline derivative, wherein R
5
is hydrogen, R
6
is methyl, R
6′
is hydroxyl, and R
7
is phenyl. Examples of such tetracycline compounds include 7-phenyl tetracycline.
In another embodiment, the substituted tetracycline compound of the invention is a doxycycline derivative, wherein R
5
is hydroxyl, R
6
is methyl, and R
6′
is hydrogen.
In an alternate embodiment, doxycycline derivatives of tetracycline compounds of the invention include compounds wherein R
7
is hydrogen, R
8
is halo, phenyl, or nitrophenyl, and R
9
is hydrogen. In another alternate embodiment, R
7
is hydrogen, R
8
is phenyl or lower alkynyl (e.g., ethynyl), and R
9
is amino. In yet another alternate embodiment, R
7
and R
8
are both hydrogen and R
9
is acetamide.
In further embodiments of the invention, the doxycycline derivatives include compounds wherein R
7
is lower alkenyl (e.g., ethenyl), lower alkynyl (e.
Koza Darrell
Nelson Mark L.
Habte Kahsay
Hanley, Esq. Elizabeth A.
Lahive & Cockfield LLP
Shah Mukund J.
Soroos Cynthia M.
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