Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1994-08-31
1997-12-02
Jordan, Kimberly
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
514885, A61K 3144
Patent
active
056936451
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This application is a 371 of PCT/US92/11205 filed Dec. 23, 1992.
This invention is in the field of the suppression of immune responses, and in particular provides a method for the treatment of immune disorders that preferably includes administering an effective amount of spiperone or a spiperone derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, including a quaternary salt, systemically or topically.
The immune system specifically recognizes and selectively eliminates foreign invaders, or other antigenic agents, by a process known as the immune response. The immune response has three major characteristics: it responds adaptively to foreign invaders, it exhibits strong specificity, and it displays a long-term memory of earlier contacts with specific foreign pathogens or antigens. The immune response involves the production of antibody and/or the destruction of antigenic cells by lymphocytes, which are highly specific for the antigen or hapten.
Cutaneous contact hypersensitivity responses are complex expressions of a cellular immune response characterized by antigen-dependent changes in lymphocyte traffic, the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the site of antigen challenge (leukocyte infiltration) and alterations in vascular permeability and blood flow resulting in tissue swelling (edema). In humans and companion animals, cutaneous contact hypersensitivity responses can occur on exposure to certain plant resins, such as those of poison ivy, and other commonly encountered agents in the environment. In individuals sensitized to such commonly encountered agents, a severe contact reaction can result upon exposure, with significant associated morbidity. Severe or repeated contact hypersensitivity reactions can be followed by significant chronic changes, such as scarring of affected tissues, itchiness, swelling, scaling and oozing of tissue fluid through the skin surface. This pathology may predispose the patient to bacterial superinfection. In the eye, chronic immune responses can lead to diminished vision or actual blindness. In the lung, chronic immune responses, such as chronic allergic asthma, can result in serious chronic lung disease.
Cutaneous contact hypersensitivity and asthma are just two examples of topical immune responses that can be associated with significant morbidity. Others include atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, Sjogren's Syndrome, including keratoconjunctivitis sicca secondary to Sjogren's Syndrome, alopecia reactions, allergic responses due to arthropod bite reactions, Crohn's disease, aphthous ulcer, iritis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, ulcerative colitis, lichen planus, asthma, allergic asthma, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dry eye associated with Sjogren's Syndrome, scleroderma, vaginitis, proctitis, and drug eruptions. These conditions may result in any one or more of the following symptoms or signs: itching, swelling, redness, blisters, crusting, ulceration, pain, scaling, cracking, hair loss, scarring, or oozing of fluid involving the skin, eye, or mucosal membranes.
In atopic dermatitis, and eczema in general, immunologically mediated leukocyte infiltration (particularly infiltration of mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils) into the skin importantly contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Chronic eczema also is associated with significant hyperproliferation of the epidermis. Similarly, psoriasis, a common cutaneous disease associated with a hyperproliferating epidermis, also has a leukocyte infiltration component. Immunologically mediated leukocyte infiltration also occurs at sites other than the skin, such as in the airways in asthma and in the tear producing gland of the eye in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
In addition to disorders that clearly represent pathological consequences of immune responses, immune responses are thought to contribute to many other pathological conditions, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis of the gastrointestinal tract (inflammatory bowel disease), psoriasis, a
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Arndt Kenneth A.
Galli Stephen J.
Meltzer Peter C.
Razdan Raj K.
Sard Howard P.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc.
Jordan Kimberly
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