Electrical computers and digital processing systems: processing – Processing control – Processing control for data transfer
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-17
2004-08-03
Pan, Daniel H. (Department: 2183)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: processing
Processing control
Processing control for data transfer
C712S210000, C712S300000, C710S066000, C711S171000, C717S141000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06772320
ABSTRACT:
FIELD
The invention relates to a method and computer program for data conversion in a heterogeneous communications network. More particularly, the present invention converts data for computer systems having different data storage architectures so that these computer systems may simply and easily communicate over a network.
BACKGROUND
In the rapid development of computers many advancements have been seen in the areas of processor speed, throughput, communications, and fault tolerance. Initially computer systems were standalone devices in which a processor, memory and peripheral devices all communicated through a single bus. Later, in order to improve performance, several processors were interconnected to memory and peripherals using one or more buses. In addition, separate computer systems were linked together through different communications mechanisms such as, shared memory, serial and parallel ports, local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN). However, these mechanisms have proven to be relatively slow and subject to interruptions and failures when a critical communications component fails. Further, in the case where a high speed direct memory access communications method is used, all too often these communications systems are limited in the types of computers that may access and exchange information on the network.
Examples of differing processor and memory architectures may be seen in big endian versus little endian architectures. In a big endian architecture the most significant byte is placed in a lower memory address. This is typically the way humans deal with arithmetic functions and the method employed by a Motorola™ 680x0 system. There is also a little endian architecture in which the least significant byte is placed in a lower memory address. This is done since numbers are calculated by a processor starting with least significant digits and little endian data structures are already set up to facilitate this operation. This type of little endian architecture is employed by the Intel™x86 line of systems. In addition, a bi-endian machine has been developed, such as the PowerPC™, which can handle both types of byte ordering.
However, when a big endian machine and a little endian machine attempt to communicate through memory reads and writes to each other, the data must be re-formatted to be accessible by the other machine. In order to accomplish this programmer's have developed code that swaps bits and bytes of data within words being accessed. However, this development of code by different programmers is time-consuming and prone to error. Further, this code is often specific to each specific application generated. Therefore, one of the purposes of direct memory access for communications is defeated by the lengthy time requirements for this conversion process. Also, time involved in developing and debugging software for each application may be substantial and thus expensive.
Therefore, what is needed is a method and computer program which will create a data structure to enable the conversion from one memory storage format to another. This method and computer program must be generally applicable to all applications programs and all types of data. This method and computer program must also be efficient in the generation of the data structure and the reformatting of the data. Thus, this method and computer program must be easily usable by all applications and programmers and must execute in run-time very quickly so as to facilitate the rapid exchange of information.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5519842 (1996-05-01), Atallah et al.
patent: 6081883 (2000-06-01), Popelka et al.
patent: 6138274 (2000-10-01), Huang et al.
patent: 6199137 (2001-03-01), Aguilar et al.
patent: 6314501 (2001-11-01), Gulick et al.
Gagne Christopher K.
Pan Daniel H.
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