Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or... – Including a second component containing structurally defined...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-07-21
2001-01-30
Thibodeau, Paul (Department: 1773)
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or...
Including a second component containing structurally defined...
C428S411100, C428S689000, C359S885000, C252S519500, C252S582000, C252S584000, C252S587000, C252S588000, C252S589000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06180224
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to absorbers of rays outside a visible region, which have optical properties that their light transmittances are high in the visible region and low in regions outside the visible region.
BACKGROUND ART
Rays of sunlight include visible rays and besides rays in wavelength regions outside a visible region, i.e., ultraviolet rays and infrared rays. These ultraviolet and infrared rays are useless for human visual activity, or rather, their absence is often preferable to their presence in that the ultraviolet rays have chemical action and the infrared rays have thermal action.
For example, it is indicated that the ultraviolet rays form the causes of sunburn of the skin and of cutaneous aging and cancer to the human body. It is also indicated that they cause deterioration such as reduction in strength, discoloration and fading to plastic products, rubber products, synthetic fibers and other various products.
On the other hand, the infrared rays raise the temperatures within rooms of houses and the like and reduce the cooling efficiency of air conditioners and the like in a season high in air temperature, for example, the summer season, so that energy is wasted.
For example, agricultural greenhouse facilities are constructed by covering a plantation atmosphere with a covering material. However, any covering material used heretofore is not particularly designed as to performance that rays within a particular wavelength region are selectively absorbed or transmitted. Therefore, in greenhouse facilities using such a covering material, a working environment within the facilities is worsened by ultraviolet rays, and articles placed therein are also deteriorated. In addition, the interiors of the facilities are heated to considerably high temperatures by infrared rays during a season high in air temperature. Therefore, they cannot be used in cultivation of the crops, in particularly, the crops which are apt to be easily damaged by high temperatures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been made in view of the foregoing circumstances and has as its object the provision of absorbers of rays outside a visible region, which have optical properties that their light transmittances are high in the visible region and low in both ultraviolet and infrared wavelength regions.
According to the present invention, there is thus provided an absorber of rays outside a visible region, comprising a base composed of a transparent synthetic resin and electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate incorporated therein.
In the above absorber of rays outside the visible region (hereinafter may be referred to as “nonvisible rays”), a proportion of the electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate may preferably be from 0.1 to 5,000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the synthetic resin forming the base.
According to the present invention, there is also provided an absorber of nonvisible rays, comprising a base composed of a transparent synthetic resin and a layer for absorbing the nonvisible rays, which is provided on the surface of the base and is formed of a synthetic resin and electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate incorporated in the synthetic resin.
In the above absorber of nonvisible rays, a proportion of the electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate may preferably be from 0.1 to 5,000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the synthetic resin forming the nonvisible ray-absorbing layer.
According to the present invention, there is further provided an absorber of nonvisible rays, comprising a base composed of a transparent synthetic resin and a layer for absorbing the nonvisible rays, which is provided on the surface of the base and is formed of a deposit of electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate.
In each of the absorbers of nonvisible rays according to the present invention, the electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate may preferably be powder having a molar ratio of ZnO to Sb
2
O
5
of 0.8 to 1.2 and a primary particle size of 5 to 200 nm.
The absorbers of nonvisible rays according to the present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
In the absorbers of nonvisible rays according to the present invention, electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate is used as a component for absorbing the nonvisible rays. This electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate is obtained, for example, in accordance with the preparation process disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 219743/1994.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 219743/1994 discloses a powder of electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate having a molar ratio of ZnO to Sb
2
O
5
of 0.8 to 1.2 and a primary particle size of 5 to 200 nm and shows a process for preparing the powder of electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate by calcining a mixture containing a zinc compound, from which zinc oxide is formed by calcination, and an antimony compound, from which antimony oxide is formed by calcination, in a proportion that a molar ratio of ZnO to Sb
2
O
5
will be 0.8 to 1.2.
More specifically, the electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate can be prepared by mixing the zinc compound, from which zinc oxide is formed by calcination, and the antimony compound, from which antimony oxide is formed by calcination, in a proportion that a molar ratio of ZnO to Sb
2
O
5
in the electroconductive anhydrous zinc antimonate finally formed will be 0.8 to 1.2 and calcining the resultant mixture, for example, at 500 to 680° C.
As the zinc compound, from which zinc oxide is formed by calcination, is used at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc hydroxide, zinc oxide, zinc salts of inorganic acids and zinc salts of organic acids. These zinc compounds may be used in combination.
Examples of the zinc salts of inorganic acids include zinc carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride and zinc sulfate. Examples of the zinc salts of organic acids include zinc formate, zinc acetate and zinc oxalate. As these zinc compounds, may be used those commercially available as industrial products. When zinc hydroxide or zinc oxide is used, however, those having a primary particle size of 200 nm or smaller are preferred. The salts of acids, in which the acids are volatilized by calcination, i.e., the carbonate and the salts of the organic acids, are particularly preferred.
As the antimony compound, from which antimony oxide is formed by calcination, is preferably used colloidal antimony oxide having a primary particle size of 200 nm or smaller. Specific examples thereof include diantimony pentoxide sol, hexaantimony tridecoxide sol, hydrated diantimony tetroxide sol and colloidal diantimony trioxide.
The colloidal antimony oxide is preferably an acidic sol having a primary particle size of 2 to 200 nm and free of any base such as an amine or sodium.
As the antimony oxide sol, may be used that containing antimony oxide (Sb
2
O
5
, Sb
6
O
13
or Sb
2
O
4
) at a concentration of 1 to 60 mass %. Such an oxide may also be dried by a method of spray drying, vacuum drying, freeze-drying or the like before its use.
Mixing of the above-described zinc compound and antimony compound can be carried out using any of various kinds of conventional stirrers and mixers under conditions of, for example, at 0 to 100° C. for 0.1 to 30 hours.
When an antimony oxide sol as described above is used as the colloidal antimony oxide, its mixture with the zinc compound is preferably dried before calcination.
The drying of the mixture (slurry) of the zinc compound and the antimony oxide sol may be conducted using a suitable dryer such as a spray dryer. The drying temperature is preferably 500° C. or lower, particularly, 300° C. or lower.
Calcination of the zinc compound and antimony compound is carried out by heating, for example, a mixture of the zinc compound and the antimony oxide sol, a mixture of the zinc compound and the dried product of the antimony oxide sol, or a mixture of the zinc compound and the colloidal diantimony trioxide. The calcination is performed at a temperatu
Katono Hiroki
Ogihara Takeo
Sakagami Teruo
Shouji Masuhiro
Tanegashima Osamu
Ahmed Sheeba
Frishauf, Holtz Goodman, Langer & Chick, P.C.
Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd.
Thibodeau Paul
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