Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Products per se – or processes of preparing or treating... – Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
Patent
1995-02-10
1997-05-27
Kepplinger, Esther
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Products per se, or processes of preparing or treating...
Plant material is basic ingredient other than extract,...
426425, 426431, 426436, 426478, A23L 128
Patent
active
056330324
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for producing cereal extracts.
The use of corn bran extracts as bulking agents in food products is well-known. U.S. Pat. No. 4,927,654 discloses a process for producing hemicellulose extracts from delignified plant fibres, such as corn bran, by extracting the plant fibres with sodium hydroxide solution and acidifying the resulting mixture to precipitate a first hemicellulose fraction. A second hemicellulose fraction is precipitated from the resulting filtrate by the addition of ethanol.
The present invention provides a process for producing two novel extracts from cereal-derived material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A first cellulose-containing extract may be obtained by the following process. The extract may be produced as an insoluble bleached cellulose residue of alkaline extracted cereal material (e.g., cell walls of maize bran) and may contain other insoluble biopolymers besides cellulose.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for producing a cellulose-containing cereal extract produced by the process comprising the steps of:
The cereal material is preferably milled (either in wet or dry form) to a particle size of from 50 to 250 .mu.m e.g., 80 to 180 .mu.m. The aqueous liquid in which the milled cereal material is suspended is preferably water but may also be a solution or a suspension of other substances in water provided that this does not adversely interfere with the subsequent steps in the process. The suspension preferably contains from 5 to 10% (e.g., 8%) dry weight/volume of milled corn bran and may be formed at ambient temperature.
The cereal material is preferably cereal husk or bran and may be obtained from cereals such as maize, corn, barley, wheat, rice or oats, or malt or malt culms. Preferably the cereal material is corn bran. The milled material may be air classified or sieved to remove starch and the starch removal process may comprise starch removal by suitable enzyme treatment, for example, with diatase (alpha- or beta-amylase).
Many alkalis may be used to effect the alkaline treatment step (step (iii)) of the process e.g., metal hydroxides such as sodium and potassium hydroxides or metal carbonates such as sodium or calcium carbonate. Preferably, potassium hydroxide (e.g., in the form of a solid) is added to the suspension to provide a concentration of not less than 4% w/v of KOH. The mixture may be stirred to dissolve the potassium hydroxide. This is accompanied by a colour change to bright yellow or orange. The mixture is preferably heated to from 70.degree. to 80.degree. C. for from 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 hours in order to effect maximum extraction or until a rapid increase in viscosity is noticed. The reaction mixture is then adjusted to a pH of from 5 to 7 (e.g., neutral pH) with an acid (e.g., dilute or concentrated hydrochloric acid). This may be accompanied by a visible paling in colour and "clouding" of the material. The extract is preferably separated from the insoluble material by filtration through a coarse filter (e.g., grade 0 sintered glass at lab scale/5-50 um plastic mesh on larger scale) with the application of partial vacuum or by centrifugation.
The insoluble material may be washed in situ on the filter with warm water to give the desired degree of extraction. Extraction by this process typically yields 45-55% of the dry weight of the material.
The insoluble material obtained from alkali extraction of the hemicellulosic material after step (v) may be resuspended in water to give a from 2 to 5%, preferably from 2.5 to 3.0% w/v, suspension in water. The pH is adjusted to from 12 to 13 (preferably 12.5) preferably by adding 40% w/v potassium hydroxide solution.
After raising the temperature (e.g., to from 70.degree. to 75.degree. C.) in an indirectly heated vessel, hydrogen peroxide (e.g., 30 volume or 10 volume) is added preferably in an amount such that the peroxide is present at an amount of from 15 to 20% dry wt/dry wt insoluble material
REFERENCES:
patent: 4927649 (1990-05-01), Antenucci
patent: 5057334 (1991-10-01), Vail
Greenshields Roderick N.
Rees Artis L.
CPC International Inc
Kepplinger Esther
Tran Lien
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