Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
Patent
1998-08-25
2000-12-05
McKane, Elizabeth
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
422 10, C23F 1102
Patent
active
061562696
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of power engineering and more exactly relates to a method for protecting power plants, in which hydrogen is used as the working fluid, against destruction.
BACKGROUND ART
There is a problem which exists during the development of power plants in which hydrogen is used as the working fluid, this problem being that hydrogen to one or another degree interacts with almost all of the structural metal materials, diffusing inside them and making them brittle, which may result in catastrophic destruction of the plants.
At present, structural materials which are less sensitive to hydrogen, for example, high-alloy steels and alloys on a nickel base with the structure of a stable austenite, are used in order to protect power plants from the destructive action of hydrogen. The aforesaid materials are very expensive and are not technological to a sufficient degree, which limits the possibility for their utilization.
A method is known for protecting power plants against the destructive action of hydrogen by changing the construction and technology of the process. However, realization of this method requires the input of large material expenditures and results in reduction of the efficiency.
The most promising method is the method for protecting power plants, in which hydrogen is used as the working fluid, against destruction by reducing the diffusion of hydrogen into the structural metal material of the plant (Ju.I. Archakov "Hydrogen Corrosion of Steel," Moscow, Metallurgiya, 1985, p. 161). In the known method, in order to reduce diffusion of hydrogen into the metal, a protective layer is created on the surface of the metal--elements of the construction are plated or lined with metals having a lower hydrogen permeability or barrier layers are created on the surface of the metal which prevent diffusion of hydrogen into the metal. For example, oxide films, carbide and nitride coatings, or protective layers of other metals are applied (copper plating, silver plating, gold plating, etc. are effected).
The barrier coatings are applied by galvanic, ionoplasma, thermal diffusion, etc., methods, which, since they are labor-consuming and complex in technological execution, are not an effective protection, but only weaken and slow down the process of hydrogenation, wherein, in the majority of cases it is not possible to protect the inner cavities of the power plants or joints of the assembly elements, or to completely eliminate characteristic production defects (cuts, incomplete fusions, scaling of coatings, etc.) which are sources of destruction.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to develop a method for protecting power plants, in which hydrogen is used as the working fluid, against destruction, which method would ensure reliable protection of metal surfaces of the mains through which the working fluid is supplied, the mains being of any relatively complex configuration, and which would be sufficiently simple to realize.
This object is achieved in a method for protecting power plants, in which hydrogen is used as the working fluid, against destruction by reducing diffusion of hydrogen into structural metal material of the power plant, in that in accordance with the invention, reduction of diffusion is ensured by introducing active gaseous additives, which are capable of preventing adsorption on a metal surface, into gaseous hydrogen in an amount of from 10.sup.-4 % by volume to the permissible critical content of the additives in hydrogen, wherein the gaseous additives are selected from the group including F, Cl, O, S and their compounds.
It is advisable that the gaseous additives be introduced using a dosing apparatus.
It is preferable that CO or O.sub.2 be introduced into hydrogen as the additive.
In order to uniformly distribute the additive throughout the whole volume of hydrogen, it is preferable to introduce the additive into hydrogen while maintaining the temperature at a temperature exceeding the boiling point of the additive.
BES
REFERENCES:
patent: 3628912 (1971-12-01), Oertle et al.
Goncharov Nikolai Sergeevich
Kholodny Vladimir Ivanovich
Meshkov Nikolai Konstantinovich
Rachuk Vladimir Sergeevich
Shostak Alexandr Viktorovich
Konstrutorskoe Bjuro Khimavtomatiki
McKane Elizabeth
Nath Gary M.
Novick Harold L.
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