Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1996-10-10
1998-04-07
Valentine, Donald R.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204256, 204258, 204262, 204266, C25B 900, C25B 1508
Patent
active
057360162
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to an electrolytic cell for generating via electrolytic reaction an oxidant gas comprising a mixture of different chlorine containing species for treating bodies of water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of various types of water treatment chemicals for controlling biological activity such as spores, bacteria, viruses, allergy, fungi, and any other biological phenomenon that adversely affects the quality of water is well known. Chemicals added to water for the purpose of controlling scaling and corrosion are also known. Such chemicals are often used in recreational water such as swimming pools, theme parks, in industrial or commercial process water such as cooling towers and for industrial and municipal sewage treatment and the like, and in drinking water. In light of today's increased environmental awareness, the need to both minimize the types of chemicals that are routed for sewage treatment and preserve water as a valuable resource and, therefore, the need to maximize the use and recyclability of water used for both industrial and recreational applications, is greater than ever. Accordingly, in order to maximize the utility and recyclability of the water being used in such applications it is desired that the chemical agents used to treat the water be effective in controlling biological activity, corrosion, and scaling so that the water can be reused over and over again and any blowdown water be free of noxious or toxic materials.
The use of chlorine for disinfecting bodies of water such as, swimming pools, baths, reservoirs, cooling tower water, recreational water, or any form of water that is exposed to the open air, is well known. In the past, chlorine has usually been supplied by direct application of chlorine gas (Cl.sub. 2) from tanks containing the gas under pressure. Chlorine has also been supplied by electrolytic generation via an electrolytic cell. Other chlorine containing gas species such as chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2) have also been used in disinfecting bodies of water. Chlorine dioxide is a dangerous and explosive gas and is usually produced as an aqueous solution at the point of usage by chemical decomposition of chlorine salt. Production of chlorine dioxide electrochemically from chlorides was also unknown in the literature prior to about 1982.
Lindstaedt U.S. Pat. No. 2,887,444 discloses a system in which a body of water, such as a swimming pool, is provided with a low concentration of dissolved common salt and a stream of water is removed from the main body and electrolyzed to produce chlorine, and the chlorine and water stream are returned to the main body of water.
Murray U.S. Pat. No. 3,223,242 discloses another type of electrolytic cell for generating chlorine for introduction into a stream of water removed from and introduced back into a swimming pool or other body of water.
Richards U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,823 discloses an electrolytic cell for production of chlorine positioned in-line for introducing chlorine into a stream of water removed from and reintroduced into a swimming pool.
Other chlorinating systems using electrolytic cells for chlorinating bodies of water are shown in Oldershaw U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,542, Colvin U.S. Pat. No. 3,378,479, Kirkham U.S. Pat. No. 3,669,857 and Yates U.S. Pat No. 4,097,356. These electrolytic cells are disclosed in a variety of configurations and most of the cells utilize ion-permeable membranes separating the anode and cathode-containing compartments.
Ion-permeable membrane technology used in electrolytic cells is well developed. Ion-permeable membranes used in electrolytic cells have ranged from asbestos diaphragms to carboxylate resin polymers to perfluorosulfonic acid polymer membranes. The perfluorosulfonic acid membranes were developed by Dupont for use in electrolytic cells.
Dotson U.S. Pat. No. 3,793,163 discloses the use of Dupont perfluorosulfonic acid membranes in electrolytic cells and makes reference to U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,636,851; 3,017,338, 3,560,568; 3,4696,077; 2
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Electrosci Inc.
Valentine Donald R.
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