Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1996-04-30
1998-11-17
Teska, Kevin J.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
137 2, 137 9, F15D 102
Patent
active
058385878
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The invention relates to testing of flowing fluids to provide useful information about fluid flow and to design and manufacture of fluid flow devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One approach that has been used to describe the energy associated with a flowing liquid is to use the Bernoulli equation: ##EQU1## where e--specific flow energy, School Lead Publishers, 1989, p. 63.)
The Bernoulli equation is based on the principle of conservation of energy in a flowing fluid at a macroscopic level. Part of the energy of the flowing fluid is lost (h.sub.w) to overcome resistance to fluid flow. The lost energy is converted from mechanical energy into thermal energy, which is dissipated and thus is lost to the flowing fluid system. The more complex is the geometry of a flow channel the larger is the loss of mechanical energy by conversion to thermal energy, according to traditional thought. Several attempts have, therefore, been made to understand the characteristics of fluid flow in efforts to identify ways to reduce mechanical energy losses to a flowing fluid.
Investigations during the last thirty years in the field of fluid turbulence have indicated a high level of organization (coherence) for fluid flow. References discussing investigations directed toward coherent flow structures include "Direct and Indirect Methods of Experimental Discovery of Turbulent Jets Coherent Structure," by Vlasov E. V., Ginevsky A. S., Karavosov, R. K. in the selection of papers entitled "Mechanics of Turbulent Flows--Moscow," Nauka Publishers, 1980, p. 206-219; Cantwell B. J., "Organized Motion in Turbulent Flow" --Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech, 1981, v13 pp. 457-515; "Mechanics Vortexes and Waves, " A selection of articles edited by Nikolayevsky V. N., Moscow, Mir (Peace) Publishers, 1984 p.6; Tamai. N, Nezu I., Komatsu T., Ohnari H., Ohashi M., Asaeda T., "The Role of Coherent Structures in Turbulent Flow--Doboki rakkay rombunsyu," Proc ISCE 1990, t 42/3, 25-41.
One informative method of investigating fluid flow is visualization of the flowing fluid. Numerous methods have been developed for such visual investigations (see A.M. Trohan, "Development and Investigation of optical Kinematic Methods for Velocity and Turbulence Measurements," Doct. dissertation, Moscow 1969). Also, some visualization methods have been used to provide information for designing flow channels for some fluid flow devices, such as centrifugal pumps, by subjecting an optically active fluid to polarized light in a model made of transparent, optically inactive material. (See Bychkov Yu. M., "Polarizing-optical Method for Investigation of Flow-through Parts of the Pumps," Kishineu, Shtiinza Publishers, 1975).
A visualization method has also been proposed for use in designing a flow channel for turbomachines by subjecting a flowing optically active fluid to polarized light to investigate fluid flow characteristics. A marginal layer of flow is identified, the boundary shape of which is used to define the profile for a flow channel (See USSR Patent No. 514970 dated 6 Jun. 1976).
These known methods for designing flow channels, however, have found only limited applications. A need exists for a method for evaluating the character of a flowing fluid which could provide greater insights into characteristics of a flowing fluid, which could be used to provide better designs for flow channels, and which would have a wider applicability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves use of the discovery concerning fluid flow, that flowing fluids have a natural tendency to seek to attain a specific flow structure, referred to herein as a discrete flow structure, in particular fluid flow applications. The discrete flow structure represents velocity gradients which have a tendency to develop in a flowing fluid on both a macro-scale and on a micro-scale. The discrete flow structure includes a large-scale structure of alternating higher and lower velocity bands extending into the flowing fluid from the direction of a flow boundary. The discrete flow struc
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Arsiri Vassili A.
Maisotsenko Valeriy S.
Maisotsenko Valeriy S.
Roberts A. S.
Teska Kevin J.
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