Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Coating – forming or etching by sputtering
Patent
1988-12-07
1994-05-17
Niebling, John
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Coating, forming or etching by sputtering
204193, 204155, 20415715, 4351735, B65D 8518
Patent
active
053125347
ABSTRACT:
A method is provided for enhancing the transport of a selected ion having a predetermined charge-to-mass ratio through a biomolecular membrane located in a space subjected to a local magnetic field. The space defines at least one reference path passing through the membrane in opposite first and second directions. The method includes the steps of creating a magnetic field which, when combined with the local magnetic field, produces a magnetic field having a flux density with at least one component representable by a component vector having a direction extending in the first direction along the path. This component of the magnetic field has a magnitude that fluctuates at a predetermined rate to produce a nonzero average value. A predetermined relationship between the ratio of the selected rate to the nonzero average value and the charge-to-mass ratio of the predetermined ion is thereby created. The predetermined relationship, is a function of the cyclotron resonance frequency of the ion.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for enhancing the transport of a selected ion having a predetermined charge-to-mass ratio through a biomolecular membrane. The apparatus includes field creating means responsive to signals for creating a magnetic field which, when combined with the local magnetic field, produces a magnetic field having a flux density with at least one component representable by a component vector having a direction extending along a path through the membrane and having a magnitude that fluctuates at a predetermined rate to create a nonzero average value. The ratio of the predetermined rate to the nonzero average value has a predetermined relationship with respect to the charge-to-mass ratio of the predetermined ion which is a function of the cyclotron resonance frequency of the ion. Signal generating means is provided for generating the signals, at least some of which are generated at the predetermined rate.
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Liboff Abraham R.
McLeod Bruce R.
Smith Steven D.
Niebling John
Phasge Arun S,.
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