Distillation: apparatus – Apparatus – Elements
Patent
1998-03-02
1999-03-16
Yildirim, Bekir L.
Distillation: apparatus
Apparatus
Elements
202261, 202259, 202263, 202270, 414187, 414199, 221 14, 221 41, C10B 104, C10B 3500, C10J 330
Patent
active
058824847
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention is related to a continuous process for charging and discharging a carbonization furnace moving in a circle and to an apparatus for implementing the process, and more particularly to a method according to the introductory part of Claim 1 and to the equipment according to the introductory part of Claim 6.
The purpose of the invention is to develop an environmentally safe and energy-efficient process which can be used to treat waste dump material mixed with wooden material, such as chips, or with coal or peat in an oxygen-free furnace, i.e., a carbonization furnace. Environmentally safe here means that the process should be closed so that no emissions which contain pollution occur, and that energy consumption is low.
The equipment intended for the process should be simple and easy to construct. Another goal is to provide an equipment that is easy to move and can thus be directly connected to a process wherever carbonization of waste is needed.
Dry distillation, i.e., oxygen-free carbonization of carbonous material is a method which has been long known. However, no methods are known which are closed and economically profitable at present.
The Finnish patent no. 2604 from 1906 discloses a continuous carbonization method of split logs and other organic substances and an equipment to implement it. Carbonization retorts move in an annular furnace the space of which is divided into a preheating section, a combustion section, and a cooling section. The material to be carbonized and the generated gases move in opposite directions to recover the heat of the gases. Each retorter is connected, through a duct on the upper cover, to a rotating gas collector from which the gases rise into a central upward duct, and the condensates are removed through a central downward duct. The gas is returned to the burner of the furnace. Gases are removed to the outer air through a pipe.
To discharge and charge the retorter, the wall of the annular furnace is provided with an opening next to which the retorter is turned around a horisontal axis and emptied and recharged with new wooden material.
In this device, the thermal energy of the gases is recovered with the gases and retorters moving according to the counterflow principle, while the discharging and charging of the retorters are carried out manually and with no protection at all. A lot of thermal energy is lost with the discharged mass of coke and gases are spread into the environment at the same time. To be recharged, the retorter is turned back to the upright position and filled with new material, and the residual gas in the retorter is pushed out, dissipating into the open air.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method with a lower energy consumption, with no emissions, and with a more effective implementation than the known method described above. The purpose of the invention is also to provide an equipment which can be used to implement such a method and whose operation can be automated.
This has been embodied in a method according to the invention the main features of which are disclosed in the characterizing part of Claim 1, and with an equipment according to the invention the main features of which are disclosed in the characterizing part of Claim 7.
The method according to the invention is thus characterized in that the operation and the charging and discharging of the furnaces that move in a circle are carried out in a closed process, that the charging and discharging are carried out simultaneously at the opposite ends of the furnace, and that the gases are collected and cleaned. Since the process is closed, neither polluting gases nor thermal energy together with them are emitted into the environment. The heat content of the gases can be used in the process and the gases are collected and washed when being removed from the process.
The charging stage is preferably carried out at a pressure higher than the pressure in the furnace, whereby the coking gas or nitrogen gas generated in the process is used for the pressurization.
The heat relea
REFERENCES:
patent: 4071414 (1978-01-01), Fidchunov et al.
patent: 4211611 (1980-07-01), Bocsanczy et al.
patent: 4400125 (1983-08-01), Jensen
patent: 5384015 (1995-01-01), Schoter et al.
Pyyn Puuhiili Oy
Yildirim Bekir L.
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